Wednesday, 20 February 2013

Strawberry Benefits In Urdu || Benefits of Strawberry In Urdu || Strawberry Ka Faida || Strawberry Fruit Benefits In Urdu || Strawberry History In Urdu || Strawberry Benefits || Strawberry Benefits In Urdu || Strawberry History || Strawberry Benefits In Urdu For Women || History of Strawberry

Strawberry Benefits In Urdu || Benefits of Strawberry In Urdu || Strawberry Ka Faida || Strawberry Fruit Benefits In Urdu || Strawberry History In Urdu || Strawberry Benefits || Strawberry Benefits In Urdu || Strawberry History || Strawberry Benefits In Urdu For Women || History of Strawberry
 
 
 
 
 
 

                                 Strawberry

Strawberry is a sweetest or taste-full fruit. The peoples likely to eat all over the world specially in Pakistan it looks very Nice like "Red Diamond" it has good in taste or smell just because of this reason the peoples like to eat Along Time . Strawberry is uses for make many things all over the world to making "Ice-Cream", "Juice", "Jelly", "sweets" “milk shake” and many more thing "etc". It provides many benefits for our health. In research of America Strawberry makes, our body healthy maintains circulation of blood, cloistral level, Blood pressure or mentally disease. It is costly in purchase but it has many benefits, which is required in our body.

It has vitamins, potassium and magnesium. The properly uses of strawberry to makes healthy eyes, provides relaxation body pain or blood pressure diseases. As All fruits have own taste or benefits which is required for our bodies Calcium, Vitamins, weakness, internally problem and other diseases but strawberry is more useful fruit for our body also like "APPLE" In this Page you will read Strawberry ke Faide, Strawberry Benefits, Strawberry Fruit In Urdu ,Strawberry Benefits In Urdu, in Roman Hindi.

Strawberry In Pakistan (Strawberry Fruits In Pakistan)


Strawberry Image

Pakistan ka shumar dunya ke un mulko main hota hai jahan kism kism ke umda phal (fruits) kasrat se paida (Growth) hoty hai. Qayam pakistan k bad phalo (fruits) ki iqsam main izafa hone ke ilawa in ke istemal or bar-amad (Import) ki sarha bhi bhar gaye. Pakistani phalo (fruits) ko qudrat ne sub se ehm (important) khoobi ye ata ki hai ke ye bohat khush rang, khush budar honay ke ilawa doosray mulko (different countries) ke muqablo mein bohat sheeren or khush zaiqa bhi hoty hai jis ka aiteraf dunya karti hai. Aisy phalo (fruits) main Strawberry bhi shamil hai jis pakistan mein wasee paimany per kasht hone lagi hai. Ye khush rang, khush zaiqa or khsuh budar phal (fruit) hai jo tinko (Straw) ki barh ki aarh mein hawa ke jharko se mehfooz reh kar tayar hone ke baad khub soorat dabbo main band hamare bazaro mein pohchta he. Dusre phalo (different fruits) ke muqablay mein ye mehanga (expencive) bhi hai. Is liye jem jelly ki sanat ke ilawa beroon-e-mulk bar-amad kar diya jata hai.

Strawberry Benefits In Urdu


Strawberry Ke Faide


Youn to tamam phal (All fruits) sehat-o-tawanaye ka zaryea hote hai. In ke istemal se beemarya door hoti hai or in ke ghizaye ijza sehat ke ilawa jismani, dimagi, or asabi kamzoorya (weekness) bhi door karta hai lekin ab saib (Apple) ki tarha Strawberry ko khas toor per qalb ki hifazat or tawanaye ke liye bohat mufeed qarar deya jarah hai haal hi mein america ke Harvard Medical School ke aik tehkeki muqablay mein bataya gaya he ke strawberry zyada khanay waly afraad mein khoon ki ragay warm say mehfooz hoti hai warm ki shikayat darasal aik khas kism k lehmeye ka nateeja hoti he wazay rahy ke qalb ka arza darasal sharyano ka wam hi hota he. Tehkeek kerny walo ne ye inkeshaf bhi kiya hai ke strawberry shooq se khany wali khawateen (women) bhi qalb ki sheeqayat se mehfooz payenge.

Mutalati jaizo se zahir howa hai ke khawateen (women) strawberry zyada miqdar main kha kar jism ko mufeed qlab ghizaye ijza maslan: resha,hayateen,geem,potasium, or foliyat dosray phalo (fruits) ke muqablay mian zyada miqdar main hasil ker rahe the. In khawateen (women) ke khoon main mizr qalb colistrol “L.D.L” ki miqdar nisbatan kam paye gaye.

Kam Hararay Zyada Zaiqa


Strawberry mein sirf hararay hi kami nahe hote balke is ka zaiqa bhi bohat umda hota hai is leye is mein tarsh phalo ke muqable mein hayaten jeen zyada paya jata he chunachay ye aik ehm maneh sartan phal (fruit) ke ilawa zyada miqdar mein resha bhi farham (provide) karta hai is phal (fruit) ki ehm khoososiyat ye he ke ye angoor (Graph) or cherry ki tarha jism ko aik taizab ellagic acid farham karta he jo jism ki sehat mand khulyat ko sartan ki zad main any se bachata he.

Aik piyali (bowl) strawberry main colistrol nam ko bhi nahe hota is mein 50 harary or 5 se 11 gm nishasta 4 gm resha or 25 m.gm potassium hota he is ke istemal se ankho (eyes) ki sehat durust or dimag sehat mand or fa’al rehta he. Blood pressure tahaffuz k ilawa strawberry , guthya , juru k warm, dard or imraz qalb, se bhi mehfooz rakhti hai.

Apnay rang khush bu’dar or zaiqa k aitebar se ye phal (fruit) sadyeo sy mukhtalif mulko main intehai pasandeeda shumar hota he ye mukhtalif namo sy furookht kia jata he isy ice.cream, jem, mashroobat ki tayareyeo main ba kasrat istemal kia jata he in k ilawa ye taza phal (fresh fruit) k toor per bhi shooq se khaya jata he. Ye mu’asr ma’ney takseed hony ke ilawa apny degar geezai ijza ki waja se kai imraz se mehfooz rakhta hai.

Aankhon Ki Hifazat (Eyes Protection)


Aankhon ki taqreeban tamam sheeqayat free redicals or ba’az geezai ijza ki kami ka nateeja he umar me izafe ke sath sath hifazati geezai ijza or free redicals ki waja se ankhoo ko khushki or bisri a’sab ki kam zoori ki soorat me sakht nuksan puhanchta he parda chasham ke inhad se bhi ankhe afoonat (infection) ki zyada sheekar hony lagti hai upar bayan karda aham ma’nay takseed ki waja se strawberry ankhoo ko tahaf’fuz farham karti he is ke istemal se ankh ke andar barhny wala dabao bhi ma’mool ke mutabiq rehta he.

Gathiya or Naqras


Azlaat or baftoo ke inhtat or jooron ki darmiyani rutubutu ki khushki or in mein peshab (urine) ke tezab (uric acid) wagaira jaisy ijza ke jama ho jany se ye dono shikayat lahaq hoti. Strawberry se hasil hone waly ma’nay taskeed ijza jooron or a’zlat ko free redicals ke muze asrat se mehfoos rakhy hai. Hindustan ke aik mahir ke mutabiq strawberry jooron ka zang khura deti hai.

Sartan (Cancer)


Strawberry mein mojood kai fluenitza khas kar anthocyanin coersteen ke ilawa hayateen jeem (Protein g)or folate sartan (cancer) se bachao sabit hote hain.

Dimagi Tawanai (Brain Energy)


Dimag ki kamzoori (Brain weakness) ke nateje mein hath paon or degar a’zaa qaboo mein nahein rehty. Umar mein izafa se hafza or dimag ki degar salahate bhi mutasir hone lagte hai. Ye bhi dar asal free radicals ki karastani hote hai. Strawberry mein mojood hayateen jeem or degar nabati kheemayae (chemically) ijza or ma’nay taskeed ijza. Dimag ko taza tawana rakhte he ilawa azeen is memojood iodeen dimag or a’saab ki kargardi ko tawana de kar inhay chust or chanchal rakhta hai.

High Blood Pressure


Strawberry apnay under paye jany wale potassium or megnesium ki madad se sodium yani namak (salt) ki waja se hone wale high blood pressure ko ma’mool per rakhte he.

Amraz e Qalb (Heart Diesease)


Strawberry ka folyat hayaten jeem or nabaten kheemyae (chemically) ijza qalb ke liye naimat sabit hoty he ye khoon (blood) me colistrol ki satah kam kar ke qalb ko tawana or sehatmand rakhti he is mein mojood ba’az hayateen bay qalb ke azlaat ko qo’wee ker ke ise theek or sehatmand rakhte hain.

Degar Fawaid (More Benefits)


Foliyat bachay ko Maa ke pait mein paidaishi khamiyo or kharabeeyo se mehfooz rakhti he ise tarha hayateen jeem nazla (flue) zuqam or afoofat se tahaffuz farham karta he. In ijza ke ilawa strawberry mein mojood nabatati magzi ijza (Phytonutrients) sharyan or Qalb ko warm se mehfooz rakhte he itnay fawaid ke hamil is phal (fruit) ko jo ab Pakistan mein bhi dasteyaab hai. Strawberry khoob khana chayea.

Strawberry Khane Ka Tareeka


Strawberry aik tursh phal (fruit) hai. Is liye is ke istemal ka behtreen tareeka ye he ke ise dhoo ker tarash len or is me zaiqa ke mutabiq pisee hwe shakkar (sugar) shamil ker ke refregeter me kam az kam 12 ghantay (12 hour’s) tak dabba band rakhy ise tarha is mein shakkar (sugar) achi tarha ghul or bus jaye gi in tukroon mein taza balaye ya cream shamil ker ke khayen or zaiqa ke aik naye dunya ka maza len. Colistrol se tahaffuz ke leye bagair balaye ka doodh (milk) shamil ker leny se bhe zaiqa dar meethi dish (sweet dish) tayar ho jati hai ya phir is ka milk shake tayar kar Lain.

Strawberry Benefits In English

Everyone likes strawberry and especially children are crazy for this fruit. Whether it is a strawberry cake, biscuits, candies or any other strawberry flavored product, children tempt to have it. It is the only fruit with the seed in its peel. It has fresh red color and good taste as well. It is liked in the whole world. It is being harvested in many countries of the world including France.
Advantages:
  1. There are at least 13% RDA dietary fibers in one strawberry. It is very good for digestive system and it helps to reduce blood pressure.
  2. It has chemical compound phenol that works as antioxidant. This antioxidant helps to reduce the production of uric acid in the body resulting in the appetite. Therefore, those people who do not feel hungry at times they should use strawberry.
  3. Strawberries have anti inflammatory granules which keep you safe from diseases of bones like osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis etc.
  4. Presence of vitamin c shows that it helps to avoid many diseases. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory create immunity against cancer.
  5. Eating 3 to four strawberries a day, it protects from weakening of eyesight.
  6. Magnesium, potassium and vitamin k in strawberry keep your bones strong.
  7. In March and April, it is easily available in market. Strawberry shake is very delicious and strawberry flavored ice cream comes at number 3 in flavors.
  8. Its mask is very useful for the freshness of face. With increasing the freshness, it also cleans the blood as well.
  9. Many experts have proved with research that the use of strawberry is very good for diabetes patients.
One can get strawberries from big stores throughout the year but fresh strawberries are available at the start of spring season. One should be careful while purchasing strawberries. The use of strawberry in fruit salad is very beneficial. It is very good for diet because it has fewer calories. It is also good for digestive system. For diet, it can be used with dairy products like milk or ice cream. It can be cultivated easily everywhere in the world. Sometimes it can cause allergy to the skin. It can be the reason for redness or spots on the skin. Therefore, people having this problem should avoid the use of strawberries.

Benefits of Mango in Urdu || Mango Benefits In Urdu || Mango Benefits || Mango Ka Faida || Advantages Of Mango In Urdu || Mango History In Urdu || Mango Benefits In Urdu || Mango Benefits In English || Mango History In Urdu

Benefits of Mango in Urdu || Mango Benefits In Urdu || Mango Benefits || Mango Ka Faida || Advantages Of Mango In Urdu || Mango History In Urdu || Mango Benefits In Urdu || Mango Benefits In English || Mango History In Urdu
 
 

Mango Benefits In Roman Urdu

Aam (Mango)

Mango ( Aam) is a King of the all fruits. Mango is one of the most popular and healthy fruits with more tasty flavors, fragrance and taste. It is very nutritious. Mango has many benefits for health. There are 49 kinds of (qalmi Aam) Mangoes and 1000 kinds of Desi Mangoes. In this page you will find the information about the Kinds of Mangoes in Pakistan in Urdu and Roman Hindi.

Mango In Urdu

Bilashuba jis phal ka intezar bachon, jawano aur borhon ko rehta hai wo Aam (Mango) he hai. Mango ka zikar barre sagheer Pak o Hind mein tawatar se milta hai. Ameer Khusro ka daur ho ya Mirza Ghalib ka, maujoda daur mein nawabzada Nasar Ullah Khan marhoon ki mehfilen hon ya Peer Sahab Paghara Marhoon ki dawatein, sab he Aam (Mango) ke shedaiyon mein shumar hote hain. Atbaa o Hukma (Mango) Aam se mustafeed hote aur apne hakeemi nuskhon mein Aam (Mango) ko shamil karte rahe hain. Mango pakne se pehle Carry ki shakal mein aa kar khush zaiyqa Achaar ban kar Lazzat e kaam o dhan ko shad karta hai. Mirza Ghalib to Aam (Mango) ke aashiqon mein apna naam likhwa gaey hain. Un key eh kehna ke “ Aam ho aur bohat se hon ”… aik zarb ul missal ban chukka hai. Aik martaba kisi ne un se mazaq mein keh diya ke Aam to Gadhe bhi nahi khate, Mirza Ghalib ne forum jawab diya ke waqai Aam gadhe nahi kahte. Aur jawab sunne wala apna sa mou le kar reh gaya.
Aam (Mango) aik fruit he nahi, aik tehzeeb ka naam hai. Jis ka zikar hamare adab o tareekh mein bhi milta hai. Is se hamari bohat si tehzeebi aur saqafti riwayat jurhi hui hain. Baaz afrad reshedaar, kuch khushbodaar, jab ke baaz mithas ke lihaz se Aam (Mango) ki mukhtalif iqsaam pasand karte hain. Khusoosan Langra aur Chaunsa bohat pasand kiye jate hain. Aaj to nae nasal ko yeh bhi maloom nahi ke wo jo Mango kha kar lutf andooz ho rahe hain us ka naam aur us ki pehchan kya hai. Kaha jata hai ke Mango khane ka durust waqt barish hone ke bad ka hai. Kyun ke us waqt tak Mango pak kar bilkul tayyar ho jate hain aur barish ke dauran un ki mithas aur gazaiyat mein izafa ho jata hai.

Mango In Pakistan

Pakistan mein soba Punjab aur Sindh Aam (Mango) ki peydawar ke lihaz se biltarteeb pehle aur dosre number par hain. Aam ki market mein aamad May ke wusat mein shuru ho jati hai aur ibtedai taur par Sindh mein kasht kiye jane wala Dasehri, Saroli, Sindhri, Almaas aur desi mango market mein dikhai diye jate hain. Majmooi taur par sab se ziyada Sheeren aur zaiyqadar Mango Chaunsa qarar diya jata hai. Mirpurkhas ko Mangoes ka zila qarar diya jata hai, jahan se barhi miqdar mein Mango aate hain. Sindh mein taqreeban 366 iqsaam ke Mango peyda hote hain. Jis mein sab se aeham Chaunsa, Dasehri, Langhra, Sunehra, Almaas, Sindhri, Tota Pari, Neelam, Anwar Retool, aur Desi Mango shamil hain. Mirpur khas mein guzishta 45 baras se salana Mango festival munaqid hote aa rahe hain. Jis mein door door se log khusoosi taur par shirkat karte hai. Mango ki aamad ka daurania 6 se 7 Maah ka hota hai.

Kinds of Mangoes In Pakistan

Pakistam mein qalmi Aam (Mangoes) ki 49 iqsam aur desi mangoes ki taqreeban 1000 iqsam peyda hoti hai. Jin mein Zafraan, Tarayam, Alfenso, Kesro, Bhagalpuri, Laal Patta, Cluster, Dilpasand, Sabzposh, Samar, Behshat, Fajri o deegar ziyada mashoor hain. Jab ke aik khas qisam qalmi mango bakasrat kasht kiya jata hai. Sindh mein sab se ziyada zaiyqadar aur khobsurat Aam (mango) Sindhri ko qarar diya jata hai. Is ka rang shokh peela hota hai aur deegar iqsam se size mein barha hota hai. Ise Sindh ki shanakht ke taur par mutarif karaya jae. Qalmi Aam(Mango) desi Mango ke muqabley mein ziyada khobsurat aur mithas se bharpor hote hain. Mango ki mukhtalif iqsam ke tayyar hone ke mukhtalif auqat hote hain. Aam Mango ki fasal aam taur se May se September ke maheeno mein tayyar ho jati hai. Sindh mein Mangoes ki bahar wusat May se June ke aakhir tak apni urooj par hoti hai.
Sindhri (aam) mango ki aik khas nasal Gulab (aam) Mango khas ko British ke Shehzada Charles aur Lady Diana ki taqreeb uroosi mein mehmano ki khatir tawaza ka sharf bhi hasil hai, jo ke hukoomat Pakistan ne deegar tahaiyf ke hamrah khusoosi taur par bhijwaya tha. Kuch arsaa peshtar London mein Pakistani Mangoes ka festival munaqid kiya gaya. Jahan par hamare is qabil e fakhar Fruit ne goron ke dil jeet liye aur zabardast pazerai hasil ki. Jo waqai aik qabil e fakhar baat hai aur fakhar kyun na ho. Badshah he hote hain. Mango hamari maieeshat ka aeham hissa hai. Is ki export se hukoomat ko lakhon dollar salana aamdani hasil hoti hai. U.A.E. Pakistani Aam (Mangoes) ki khas mandi hai

                        Mango Benefits In English




Lemon Benefits In Urdu || Benefits of Lemon In Urdu || Lemon Benefits || Lemon Ka Faida || Lemon History In Urdu || Lemon Benefits In Urdu for Skin || Lemon Benefits In English || Lemon History

Lemon Benefits In Urdu || Benefits of Lemon In Urdu || Lemon Benefits || Lemon Ka Faida || Lemon History In Urdu || Lemon Benefits In Urdu for Skin || Lemon Benefits In English || Lemon History

 
 

 Lemon Benefits for Skin

Lemon is enormous benefit for us. There are lots of Vitamin B, vitamin C contains in lemon e as compare to other fruits. Modern research is now known that there is no shortage of Vitamin. Calcium is also present in lemon. Lemon is very benefits for skin. Here you can find wrinkles on face, skin of face, acne, chikni jild, jild ki hifazat and beauty tips are given in Urdu.


Lemon kay Faiday :

Lemon ghizayi ahmiyat kay elawah apni jamalyati ahmiyat bhi rakhta hai is mein vitamin B, Vitamin C saray fruits say ziadah moqdaar mein hai. Is mein vitamin A khafeef moqdar mein aur vitamin B kafi moqdar mein aur vitamin C sab say ziadah moqdar mein hai aur yahi vitamin sab say afzal hai.

Jadeed tehqeeq ki ro say lemon mein vitamin D ki bhi kami nahi hai is kay elawah lemon juice mein calcium (chuna) kay markabaat paye jatay hain jo nah sirf insani nasho numa balkeh afzaye husn kay liye bhi nehayat zaruri hain.
Afzaish husn kay liye is kay istemaal ki tafseel darj zeel hain.
Chikni Jild:

Jin khawateen kay chehray ki jild be had chikni aur khulay masam wali hai in ko chahiye keh chehrah dhonay say pehlay lemon cleansing lotion say jild saaf karein.
Phir chehray dhonay kay baad velasmooth lotion istemaal karein. Is say chehray ki chiknahat door hogi aur jild kay khulay huye masam yaksar band ho jayein gay.

Chehray ki Rungat:

Jin khawateen kay chehray ki rungat pehlay gori ho aur phir sanolli honay lagay in ko chahiye keh subha kay waqt aadha lemon neem garam pani kay aik glass mein nichor kar pi lia karein aur baqi aadha lemon balayi mein nichor kar raat ko sonay say pehlay chehray par malein.

Ainak Walay Chehray

Jo khawateen ainak lagati hain aur ainak say in ki aankhon(EYES) kay ird gird halqay par jatay hain in ko chahiye keh lemon kay chilkay bareek pees kar neova cream kay sath mila kar aankhon kay halqon kay gird lagayein. Halqay door ho jayein gay.

Waladat Kay Baad Cherah:

Bachay ki waladat kay baad aksar khawateen kay cheray ki jild par dhabbay par jatay hain. Yeh daagh jism mein iron aur vitamin C ki kami say paida hotay hain. In ko chahiye keh nehar monh shehad aur lemon ko pani mein mila kar piyein. Chand roz kay istemaal say dagh dhabbay door ho jayein gay.

Acne:

Lemon ka mask chehray kay acne ko door karta hai. cheray ko dettol soap say dhokar lemon kay chilkay nehayat bareek pees kar glasreen mein mila kar chehray par mask karein.
Puray cheray par mask karnay kay bad isay kam say kam 15 minute cheray par laga rehnay dein.

Baaz khawateen kay cheray ki jild bari chikni hoti hai khas kar subha kay waqt mathay aur naak par itni chiknayi hoti hai jaisay khob oil mila hua ho.Woh make up karti hain to thori deir baad chiknayi sara make up kharab kar deti hai. Aisi khawateen ko chahiye keh who haftay mein teen bar cucumber juice mein 1 spoon lemon ka ras mila kar chehray par is amezay ka mask karein.

Monh dhokar strangent ya velasmooth lotion lagayein is kay baad face powder lagayein. Nez aisi ghiza khayein jis mein chiknayi kam ho. Din mein aik bar kisi lemon cleasing say cleasind karna bhi mofeed hai. Aik lemon ka ras rozanah piyein.

Cheray ki Jhaiyan:

Cheray ki chayiyan door karnay kay liye bhi lemon faidah mand hai.Mandarjah zeel noskhah chayiyan door karnay kay liye istemaal karein

lemon1/2, haldi ½ spoon aur besan 2spoons mila kar paste bana lein aur is ka mask face par karein. Do teen bar yeh mask karnay say chehray ki chayian door ho jati hain.

Wrinkles on Face:

Jhurriyan door karnay ka faidah mand noskha yeh hai keh 10 tolah shehad mein 1 lemon ka ras mila kar chehray par lep kar kay 15 minute kay baad dho dalein. 15 ya 20 din laganay say cheray ki jhurriyan door ho jati hain.

Skin of Face:

Chehray ki jild ziadah chikni honay ka bais bud parhaizi aur bad hazmi hai jin kay chehray par hamesha chiknahat mojood rehti ho in ko chahye keh khorak sada aur zod hazam khayein ghee aur anday jaisi cheezon ka istemaal buhat kam kardein sangtaray ka juice aur lemon ka istemaal khanay kay sath zaroor karein is say jald ki chiknahat door ho jati hai.




 




Khajoor Benefits || Khajoor Benefits In Urdu || Khajoor Ka Faida || Ajwa Khajoor History In Urdu || Dates Benefits || Dates Benefits In Urdu || Khajoor History

Khajoor Benefits || Khajoor Benefits In Urdu || Khajoor Ka Faida || Ajwa Khajoor History In Urdu || Dates Benefits || Dates Benefits In Urdu || Khajoor History || Khajoor Benefits In English
 

 


 


                                       Khajoor Benefits In Roman Urdu

Dates (Khajoor)

Dates are the fruit of Heaven. It is a dry form of fruit. Dates are called a Jamar in Arabian, Dil Khurma, Maghaz Khurma and Paneer Khurma in Persian. The tree of date is 150 years old. The taste of dates is like almond and milk. Dates are very healthy for chest pain and soiling, intestine problem, cough, voice. Date is a best medicine and breakfast for old constipation. The tree of date is the King of Nakhlistan. It cultivated in America and Asian Countries. The dates are one of the oldest cultivated fruit. In Pakistan, the dates are famous in Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan and Khairpur. Date has 2.0 % Protein, 2.0 % Fats, 24 % Carbohydrates, 270 % calories, 4.7 % sodium, 754 % potassium, 67.9 % calcium, 59.9 % magnesium, 0.21 % copper, 1.61 % iron, 638 % phosphorus, 51.6 % sulphur, 290 % chlorine. In this page, you can read about Dates Benefits In Urdu (Khajoor Ke Faide, Fawaid) In Urdu and Hindi.

Dates Fruit In Urdu (Khajoor In Urdu

Khajoor (Dates) aisa fruit hai ko America, Mashriqui wastee aur Asian Countries mein kasrat se paya jata hai. Is ka ghar shumali Africa ko bhi kaha jata hai. Pakistan mein khajoor ki paidawar ke liye Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan aur Khairpur ke areas ziyada famous hain. Khajoor ka darakht jins ke lihaz se muzakkar bhi hai aur maunnas bhi. Muzakkar ko fruit nahi lagta, jsb ke is ke daney maonnas plants ko barori karne ke liye bhaghbano ki koshish se pohnchae jate hain.

Dates Tree (Khajoor Ka Darakht)


Khajoor ka darakht (Dates Tree) ki ausat umer 150 saal hoti hai aur is ka koi bhi hissa waste nahi jata hai. Stem buildings mein use hone wali wood ke taur par use kiya jata hai. Branches chairs banne aur jalane ke kaam aati hain. Is ke ilawa leaves se tokriyan banti hain. Aksar mazahib mein khajoor aik muqaddas aur yahodiyon ke tehwaron mein khajoor ko barhi aqeedat se shamil kiya jata hai. Khajoor Ka Darakht (Dates tree) ki aehmiyat ki inteha yeh hai ke Nabi Kareem S.A.W.W ne is tree ko is liye Musalman kaha hai key eh sabir o shakir aur ALLAH PAK ki taraf se barkat wala hai.

Paidawari mulkon mein maqami khapat ke masiwa 5 se 8 lakh ton khajoor duniya ke bazaron mein bheji jati hai. Jis ka barha hissa Europe jata hai. Jahan Christmas ke dauran is ki maang mein bohat ziyada izafa ho jata hai. Aap isi baat se is ki aalmi maqboliyat ka andaza kar sakte hain. Khajoor ka darakht (Dates Tree) Nakhlistan ka King kehlata hai. Arabian mein aik purani kahawat khajoor ke barey mein kuch is tarha se hai ke “ Saal mein kitne din hote hain utne he khajoor ke fawaiyd aur istemal hain …” Arabian mein purani riwayat hai ke khushi aur fatah ke mauqey par log khajoor ki pattiyon ko le kar lehrate hue juloos ki shakal mein chalet the. Rasool S.A.W.W jab Mecca se hijrat farma kar Medina Munawwara tashrif le gae to wahan Aap S.A.W.W ka nihayat garam joshi se istaqbal hua aur Medina Munawwara ke log hath mein khajoor ki tehniyan liye hue apni khushi ka izhaar kar rahe the.

QURAN PAK ki bohat si ayaat mein khajoor ka zikar paya jata hai aur isi se is ki aehmiyat ka bhi pata chalta hai.
“ In mein Meywe, khajoor aur Anaar hain to tum apne Parwardigar ki kon kon si neymaton ko jhutlaoge …” ( Surah Rehman )

“ Aur usi ne khalqat ke liye zameen bichai, is mein meywe aur khajoor ke darakht hain, jin ke khoshon par ghilaaf hote hain…” ( Surah Rehman )

“ Phir hum ne us se tumhare liye khajoron aur khajoron ke bagh banae, in mein tumhare liye bohat se meywe peyda hote hain aur in mein se tum khate ho…” ( Surah Almominon )

Dates Benefits In Urdu ( Khajoor Ke Faide)


Khajoor ki Tibbi Fawaid


Hazarat Ayesha Siddiqa R.A. beyan farmati hain. Rasool Allah S.A.W.W ne farmaya ke “ Is azeem Ajwa khajoor mein har bemari se shifaa hai aur agar ise naharmou khaya jae to yeh zehro se turyaq hai…”

Nabi Kareem S.A.W.W ne roza kholne ke liye hamesha khajoor istemal farmai. Roza iftar karte waqt kisi aesi khurak ki zarorat hoti hai jo ke jald hazam ho jane wali ho. Khajoor(Dates) he aesi khuraak hai jo ke jald hazam ho kar Jiger ke liye taqwiyat o taqat ka baiys banti hai.

Nabi Kareem S.A.W.W ne sab se ziyada ajwaa khajoor ko pasand kiya hai. Unho ne ise jannat ka meywa kaha hai. Ise naharmou khane ki talqeen ki gai hai. Khajoor se pait ke keerhon ka bhi ilaj bataya gaya hai. Fresh paki hui khajoor ka pani peene se isha’al ruk jate hain. Khajoor khane ke baad khaya jae to meyde mein bojh ki kefiyat nahi hoti. Safra aur tezabiyat ko khatam karti hai : QURAN MAJEED ne jannat ke fruits ki tareef mein khajoor ke sath anaar ka zikar kiya hai.

Khajoor ke sath anaar ka pani meyde ki sozish aur ish’al (Loose Motions) mein mufeed hai. Khajoor khana quwwat ka baiys hai, liver ko taqat deti hai. Wedak tib mein yeh mou ki khushki door karne mein akseer hai. Khajoor ka gooda aur churhchute ki root pees kar pani mein rakh kar khane se sardi lag kar aane wala bukhar toot jata hai. Khajoor ki root patton ki raakh se manjan karna danton ke dard ke liye mufeed hai.

Khajoor Date he mein to asal ghizaeyat hai. Yeh mehaz aik khayal ya baat barae baat nahi. Yeh qudrat ka shereen tareen phal hai aur wahid aisa fruit hai jis ka Torait, Bible jaise sehfiyon ke bad QURAN PAK mein bhi zikar hai aur is ki shifaai aehmiyat RAB E KAREEM ne wazeh kar di hai. Khajoor (Date) ke tree ko English mein Palm tree aur tibbi zuban mein Phoenix Dact kaha jata hai aur aap ko heyrat ho gi ke sirf Muttehda Arab Emirates mein ye 33.4 million tak kasht ki jati hai. Maqami department, mahauliyat aur pani ke aik muhtaat andazey ke mutabiq 1978 mein yeh tadad 2.3 million thi. Phir 1990 mein 13.1 million hui, is ke bad 2003 mein 40.7 million ho gai. Abu Zehbi Khajoor (Date) ke trees ka markazi shehar hai. Jo 82 % khajoor kasht kar raha hai.

                       Khajoor ki Ghizaai Khusosiyat :


Is phal ki bharpor ghizaeyat aur hiyateen ki majodgi ki wajah se rozadaron ko is se iftar karne ki hidayat ki jati hai aur Sunnat E NABWI S.A.W.W bhi hai. Aap aik khajoor (Date) kha ke roza iftar kijiye. Yeh bamushkil 15 minute mein khoon mein sugar ki miqdar barha kar aap ko tawanai bakhsh deti hai aur aap khud ko tawana mehsoos karne lagte hain. Isi tarha agar aap halki phulki ghiza ke bad khaeyn to seyr chashmi hoti hai aur agar saqeel ghiza khane ke kuch lamhon bad bojhal pan mehsoos ho to is mein ghiza ko digest karne ki behtareen salahiyat bhi paai jati hai. Agar diabetes patient ko sugar level mutawazin rakhna ho to unhe din ke mukhtalif auqat mein 3 adad khajooren khane ki advice di jati hai. Tibbi mahireen tajveez karte hain ke gira hua sugar level control karne ke liye khajoron ki itni he miqdar kafi hoti hai.

Khajoor (Date) ko khane ke dauraniye ke taweel waqfey ke dauran khaeyn ya khana shuru karne ya darmiyan mein yani kisi bhi waqt khaeyn. Yeh meyde ko taqwiyat deti hai, qabz kusha hai aur tawanai ka mazhar to hai he kyun ke carbohydrates tawanai beham pohnchane ka behtar awwaleen zariya hote hain. Agar 17 yani 100 gram khajoron ko din bhar istemal kiya jata rahe to glucose, Fructose ( Fruits ki natural sugar ) aur sucrose ( Table sugar ya aam white sugar ) ki wasee miqdar dastiyab ho jati hai.

Minerals :


Potassium aur sodium ki miqdar ke sath khajoor (Date) mein maujood mineral ajzaa buland fashar blood ( High Blood pressure ) ke patients ke liye mufeed hain. Khajoor (Date) mein calcium ki miqdar ziyada nahi lekin 59 mg calcium deegaar ajzaa ke sath mil kar tawanai farahum karne ka zariya banta hai. Arabian Countries mein daily 700 mg khajoor (Date) ausatan har baligh khata hai, lekin koi jismani hararat ya hiddat ki shikayat nahi karta. Yeh fruit kae peycheeda amraaz ki madafati tehreek sabit hota hai.

Fiber :


pecstin aur cellulose ke ajzaa par mushtamil yeh fober apni noiyat ka khas dietary fiber hai jo sirf khajoor (Date) mein paya jata hai. Pecstin se kharab cholesterol zaiyl hota hai aur meyde ke afa’al ko durust rakhta hai.

Khajoor Khane Ke Fayde:


Aik garam khajoor (Date) khane ka matlab hai ke aap ne kam az kam 3 kg calories jitni tawanai hasil kar li aur 100 gram khajoor ka matlab hai ke 15 se 20 khajorein, is tarha aap ko 280 hararey mil sakenge. Sehatmand rehne ke liye baligh afraad 38 gram kahjoren kha sakte hain. Jaisa ke Arabian ki aam khuraak hai. Naujawano ki barhi tadad is phal ko riwayati andaaz mein khane mein dilchaspi nahi leti tahum jo afraad weight mein kam hon, naqahat mehsoos karen. Doctor hazraat se aise tamam afraad ko khajoor khane ki advice karne walon aur patients ko khajoor khane ki hidayat ki jati hai.

Mukhtalif rangon aur iqsam ki khajoren ki alehda shifaai khusosiyat tasleem ki jati hai. Yeh garam aur martoob ilaqon mein saal bhar mukhtalif shaklon aur iqsaam mein dastiyab hoti hai. Surkh khajoor (Date) ko khanaiyzi, khasab, north aur anwaan kehte hain. Peeli khajoor (Date) ki qismon ko lolo, barhi, mirzeyban, hilali, boma aan, jabri, habsh, jaffer, khallas, maskari, misti aur sultana pukara jata hai. Orange khajoren jaish habbash, rezeeze, Bengal aur basri ke naamon se dastiyab hoti hain. Waste mashraqi aur Asian mumalik khajoor peyda karne wale khas maqam hain. Misar, Iran aur Saudi Arabia ke bad Arab Emirates ke ilawa Iraq, Pakistan, Oman, Libya aur Algeria Duniya bhar ke 10 behtreen peydawari Mulk hain.

Khajoor Ka Ghabaa


Arabian mein ise Jamar kehte hain. Farsi mein ise dil khurma, maghaz khurma aur paneer khurma kehte hain. Khajoor ke darakht ki branches mein jis jagah phool lagte hain. Wahan par konplon se pehle yeh thick, lesdaar, shereen, aur khushbodaar jama ho jata hai. Zaiyqa almond aur milk jaisa hota hai. Jis tree se Jamar nikaal len, us ko phir phool nahi lagte hain. Is ke khane se qabz peyda hota hai, aanten mazboot hoti hain aur dast ruk jate hain. Seeney ke dard ko door karta hai. Thook mein khoon ata ho to ruk jata hai. Halaq aur seeney ki sozish ko kam karta hai. Awaaz mein nikhar peyda karta hai. Khansi thek ho jati hai. Manshiyat se peyda hone wala khumar jata rehta hai. Qey rokta hai, chakkaron mein mufeed hai. Hasasiyat ko door karta hai.
Khajoor ko wash kar ke doodh mein boil kar ke dene se aik maqwi aur fori taur par tawanai muhayya karne wali ghiza ban jati hai. Zachgi ki aziyat aur bad ki kamzori ke liye Hazrat Mariyam A.S. ko ALLAH TA’ALA ki taraf se khajoor muhayya ki gai thin. Bukhar aur chechak ke bad ki kamzori jald door ho jati hai. Daq ke mareezon ke liye kamzori mein faiydemand hai. Khajoor (dates) ki guthliyon ko aag mein daal kar in ki dhoni dene se bawaseer ke massey khushk ho jate hain. Khajoor (Dates) ki guthliyon ko bhoon kar in ko coffee ki shakal mein piya jata hai, jise Date Coffee kehte hain. Bemari se forum uthne ke bad aur aankhon ki sozish mein khajoor ka khana durust nahi. Purane qabz ki behtareen medicines aur bentareen breakfast hai

                                       Khajoor Benefits In English
Dates :
Dates: Dates are very edible sweet fruits with many health benefits. They are traditional crops in Arab and other Middle East countries. They have especial importance for Muslims because eating this fruit is sunnah and advised by the last prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

It is a major breakfast and staple diet in Arab contrives along with milk or yogurt. In holy month of Ramadan its sale and purchase increases all over the world where Muslims reside because it is highly nutritious and full of simple sugars and in periods of lengthy fasting it provides every throughout the day. Dates consist of outer fleshy brown pulp and inner single hard seed which is discarded but it is used by many herbalists to make herbal medicines.

Dates are rich source of fiber, carbohydrate, proteins minerals and vitamins. Especially rich in iron, potassium, calcium and vitamin C. It prevents different diseases like constipation, anemia, heart diseases, and strokes. They are good for overall body health because of their countless dietary nutrients. High fiber content in it prevents from high cholesterol levels.

Vitamin C, potassium and calcium are essential for bone and teeth development especially in children. They can be given to children as sweet dish after main meal instead of toffees and chocolates, which are of low or no nutritious value.

 

Multan History in Urdu || History of Multan in Urdu || History of Multan City In Urdu || Multan Biography ||Multan History || History of Multan || Multan History In Short || Multan wiki || Multan History In English

Multan History in Urdu || History of Multan in Urdu || History of Multan City In Urdu || Multan Biography ||Multan History || History of Multan || Multan History In Short || Multan wiki || Multan History In English





                           Multan History In English

    Multan is a city in south central Punjab province. It is built just east of the Chenab River. About 966 km from Karachi and more or less right in the center of the country lie the ancient city of Multan. Multan, the 'City of Pirs and Shrines' is a prosperous city of bazaars, mosques, shrines and superbly designed tombs.

    A circular road around the rampart gave access to the city through thirteen gates. Some of the imposing structures of these gates are still preserved. In the bazaars of the Old City one still comes across tiny shops where craftsmen can be seen busy turning out master-pieces in copper, brass, silver as well as textiles in the traditional fashion.
    The old city has narrow colorful bazaars full of local handicrafts and narrow winding lanes. There are many places of historical, cultural and recreational interest in the city.

    Multan is a commercial and industrial center, it is connected by road a rail with Lahore and Karachi and by air with Karachi, Quetta, and Faisalabad. Industries include fertilizer, soap, and glass factories; foundries; cotton, woolen and silk textile mills; flour, sugar and oil mills; and a large thermal-power station. It is famous for its handicrafts (ceramics and camel-skin work) and cottage industries. There are hospitals, public gardens, and several colleges affiliated with the University of the Punjab. The University of Multan was established in 1975. Large, irregular suburbs have grown outside the old walled town, and two satellite towns have been set up. The numerous shrines within the old city offer impressive examples of workmanship and architecture.

    The Shams-e Tabriz shrine is built almost entirely of sky-blue engraved glazed bricks. That of Shah Rukn-e Alam (Tughlaq period) has one of the biggest domes in Asia. The shrine of Sheikh Yusuf Gardez is masterpiece of the Multani style. Other shrines include the Pahladpuri Temple and the Idgah Mosque (1735).

    The old city has narrow colorful bazaars full of local handicrafts and narrow winding lanes. There are many places of historical, cultural and recreational interest in the city.

    Multan is a commercial and industrial center, it is connected by road a rail with Lahore and Karachi and by air with Karachi, Quetta, and Faisalabad. Industries include fertilizer, soap, and glass factories; foundries; cotton, woolen and silk textile mills; flour, sugar and oil mills; and a large thermal-power station. It is famous for its handicrafts (ceramics and camel-skin work) and cottage industries. There are hospitals, public gardens, and several colleges affiliated with the University of the Punjab. The University of Multan was established in 1975. Large, irregular suburbs have grown outside the old walled town, and two satellite towns have been set up. The numerous shrines within the old city offer impressive examples of workmanship and architecture.

    The Shams-e Tabriz shrine is built almost entirely of sky-blue engraved glazed bricks. That of Shah Rukn-e Alam (Tughlaq period) has one of the biggest domes in Asia. The shrine of Sheikh Yusuf Gardez is masterpiece of the Multani style. Other shrines include the Pahladpuri Temple and the Idgah Mosque (1735).
    800-900 AD In the periods, of Caliph Mansoor, and Mostasim Bilia, Multan was attacked by Arabs several times.
    900-1000AD Ibn Khurdaba described in his book, "The book of Roads and Kingdoms", "Multan being two months journey from Zarani the capital of Sijistan, by the name of Farj because Mohammad, Son of Qasim, Lieutenant of At-Hajjaj, found vast quantities of gold in the city, which was forwarded to the Caliph's treasury so it was called by the Arabs the House of Gold".
    Al-Masudi of Baghdad who visited the valley of the Indus in 303 A.H. (915 A.D.) mentioned about Multan in his book, "The Meadows of Gold", that "Multan is seventy five Sindhian Farsangs from Mansura. It is one of the strongest frontier places of the Musulmans and in its neighbourhood there are a hundred and twenty thousand towns and villages", Al-Masudi also mentioned about the idol and explained as to how people living in the distant parts of country travel to Multan to perform pilgrimage and in fulfilment of their woes and religious obligations, they make offerings of money, precious stones, perfumes of every kind and aloe wood before it. Both tstakhari of Istakhar, or Persepolis, who wrote about the middle of the tenth century 340 A.H. (951 A.D.) and Ibn Haukal of Baghdad who based his work on that of Istakhari, give glowing accounts of Multan which they described as a large, fortif ied and impregnable city, about half the size of Mansura, the ancient Muslim capital of Sind. They also mentioned about the idol of Multan as being held in great veneration by Hindus who flocked to it from all parts of India.
    Sultan Sabuktageen, the Afghan King conquered Multan, but after four years, that is, in 980 A.D. it was conquered by a Sardar of the Karamti Tribe who ruled it for some time.
    1000-1100AD Mahmood Ghaznavi attacked Multan for the first time - conquered it and demolished many Hindu temples. He demolished the famous 'Sun Mandir' also. Mahmood Ghaznavi attacked Multan for the second time during 1010 A.D. and conquered it but did not stay for long.
    1100-1200AD Sultan Shahab-ud-din, who is also known as Mohammad Gbory, finally defeated Pirthvi Raj and conquered India. After consolidating his position in Dehli, the capital of India, led an army attack, against Multan and conquered it. As such, Multan, which had remained almost independent under the Arab rulers became a dependency of the house of Ghaznavi. Sultan Mohammad Ghory appointed Aii Karmani as his Governor of Multan and Uch.
    1200-1300AD In 1218 A.D. Changez Khan invaded Western Turkistan and for the next three centuries history of Multan is practically the history of incursions from Western and Central Asia to which the invasion of Changez gave rise. During this period Multan was nominally subject to the Delhi Empire. There were, however, two periods when Multan was practically a separate Kingdom independent of Delhi. At times the province was held by powerful governors who, though, unable to secure independence, were powerful factors in the dynastic changes of the time.
    The Administration of Multan suffered due to preoccupation of Delhi Empire in repelling the repeated raids of Mughals from Khurasan and Central Asia. In 1 284 A.D. the Mughals under Taimur Khan, defeated and killed prince Muhammad, known as the Martyr Prince who then ruled Multan. In 1305 A.D. an invasion under Aibak Khan was repelled by the redoubtable warrior Ghazi Beg Tughlak, who is said to have 29 times defeated the invading hordes. In 1 327 A.D. a force under Turmsharin Khan over-ran the distt. and retreated on payment of bribe.
    1300-1400AD After the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, Multan became its western frontier. In the beginning it was governed by Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha, then captured by jaial-al-Din Manakabarni and finally annexed by Shams-AI-Din Altamash. When Balban strengthened his frontier guard he posted his eldest son Sultan Muhammad
    Khan-i-Shahid here and made him responsible for the defence. It was under his patronage that Amir Khusrau and Hasan Dehiavi lived in Multan and composed their poems. Multan, however, continuously suffered from Mongol invasions. In
    order to meet these Mongol pressures Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq was appointed as a warden of the Frontier Marches. From Multan he rose to be the Sultan of Delhi - Multan remained under the Tughlaqs until it was conquered by Amir Taimur in 1 397 A.D.
    During this long period the prosperity of Muitan grew unabated. It was during this period that the city was adorned by important monuments that established a particular school of Muitani Architecture. The Tombs of Baha-AI-Din Zakariya, Shah Rukn-AI-Din, Rukn-e-Alam and Shamas Sabzwari have given to Multan a unique place in the indo-Muslim Architecture. The presence of these tombs of the saints mentioned above have also added a religious tone to the city.
    In 1 397 A.D., came the invasion of Taimur whose troops occupied Uch and Multan, sacked Tiamba, raided the Khokhars of Ravi and passed across Beas to Pakpattan and Delhi.
    1400-1500AD For about forty years after the departure of Taimur there was no government in India in reality. Khizer Khan Syed governed the Kingdom in the name of Taimur but without any sovereign title or royal honours. During the troubled reign of his grand son Syed Mohammad, an insurrection broke out in Multan among the Afghans called Langas. Finally one of the Langa chiefs proclaimed himself as the king of Multan under the title of Sultan Kutab-ud-din Langa.
    During the eighty years that Multan was held by Langa Dynasty, it became the principal caravan route between India and Kandhar. Commerce and agriculture flourished. All the lands along the banks of the Chenab and the Ghagra as well as some on the Indus were cultivated and prosperity flourished once again.
    1500-1600AD In 1526 A.D. Shah Hussain Arghun, at that time the ruler of Sind, seized Muitan on behalf of Baber, the Mughal emperor. He bestowed it on his son Mirza Askari. The Mirza, assisted by Langar Khan, one of the powerful amirs of Sultan Mahmud Langa, held possession of Multan during the rest of the Baber's reign. After the death of Baber, Humayun found himself compelled to surrender Multan, in fact the
    whole of Punjab, to his eldest brother, Kamran Mirza. The prince established his court at Lahore and deputed one of his arnirs to take care of Multan.
    During the confusion that followed the flight of Humayun to Persia the Kingdom of Multan was captured by Baluchies under their chieftain Fatteh Khan who surrendered it to Hebat Khan, one of the commanders of Sher Shah Suri. Pleased with his services, Sher Shah Suri bestowed the Kigndom of Multan on Hebat Khan.
    1600-1700 AD When Humayun recaptured the Indian throne in 1555 A. D. Multan was also amalgamated in the Mughal Empire, Abul Fazal mentions in "Ain-c- Akbari" that: "Multan was one of the largest provinces of the empire, extending to the frontiers of Persia including within its limits the modern countries of Baluchistan, Sindh, Shikarpore and Thatta, besides a portion of Doabas now attached to Lahore. A royal mint for silver and copper coins was established at Multan alongwith the mints at Delhi, Agra and a few other places". Under the Mughal Emperors, Multan enjoyed a long period of peace and was known as Dar-ul-Aman (city of peace). For more than two hundred years that is from 1548 to 1748 there was no warfare in this part of the Punjab. As a result of these peaceful conditions, cultivation increased, particularly in the riverain areas and commerce flourished. Multan thus became an emporium for trade. The city became the headquarter of a province which covered the whole of the South Western Punjab and, at times, included Sind also.
    1700-1800 AD At the decline of the Mughal Empire Multan had, at first escaped devastation which was experienced by other parts of the subcontinent. The main reason was the change in the route of the invaders from Afghanistan to India as it lay through Lahore. So the armies of Nadir Shah and Ahmed Shah Abdali left Multan unscathed. After having been a part of the Dehii empire, Multan in 1752, became a province owing allegiance to the Afghan kings of Kabul. During this period the country was ruled by Governors of Pathan extraction and under the rule of the Saddozais of Kabul. The Saddozais governed Multan for more than sixty six years but general conditions remained turbulent.
    After consolidating their position at Lahore, the Sikhs marched to the south-west for over two hundred and fifty miles. They crossed the indus and penetrating into the Deras' under their Commanders Sardar Hari Singh Bhangi and his sons, jhanda Singh and Ganda Singh along with Hira Singh, the Sikhs destoryed everything, plundered many villages and killed the people mercilessly, set the houses of the Muslims on fire and demolished many mosques. Ultimately, under the command of jhanda Sing and Ganda Sing, they appeared before Multan on March 9 1764 A.D. (21 Ramazan 11 78 A. H.) looted its suburbs but after collecting millions of rupees they returned.
    1800-1900 AD By the beginning of 1818 Ranjit Singh succeeded to raise a big army consisting of 25,000 soldiers equipped with necessary provisions which he placed under Diwan Misr Chand, his most trusted General. The over all charge of the campaign wasentrusted tohiselderson Khark Singh and the contingent set out for Multan
    with great pomp and show. The famous Zamzama Gun was also transported to Multan. Nawab Muzaffar Khan Saddozai who was the Governor of Multan for the past thirty nine years fought courageously but failed to save Multan from the clutches of Sikhs. The death of Muzaffar Khan was in fact the death of the Muslim rule in Multan. After capturing the Fort the Sikh soldiers were let loose to arson and debauchery and Latif recorded as under :
    "The city and Fort were now given up to be plundered by the sikh troops. Great were the ravages committed by the sikhs on this occasion. About 400 to 500 houses in the Fort were razed to the ground and their owners deprived of all they had. The precious stones, jewellery, Shawls and other valuables belonging to the
    Nawab were confiscated to the state and kept carefully packed by Diwan Ram Diyal for inspection of the Maharaja. In the town many houses were set on fire and nothing was left with the inhabitants that was worth having. Hundreds were killed in city sack, and indeed there was hardly a soul who escaped both loss and violence"
    The Sikh rule continued in the Punjab and Multan unchecked but thinking themselves very powerful, the sikhs crossed the Sutlej and entered into the British Territory. They looted some of' the villages also. This happened on December 8, 1845 A.D. The outcome of this adventure was a fierce battle and a disastrous and
    ignominious defeat of the Sikh Army. Thereafter a treaty was signed between the British and the Sikhs. Under the new treaty a Council nf Regency was established at Lahore which empowered the British to intervene into many administrative matters. Keeping in view the provisions of the treaty the British Resident introduced several measures in order to regulate the ad 'Ministration throughout the Sikh territories. These measures were to be implemented by Diwan Mul Raj also, who was the Sikh Governor of Multan. The changes were, however, detrimental to the over all interests of the Diwan as they affected his tight control over the traders and businessmen. The other decision of the Resident which brought a blow to Diwan Mui Raj was the introduction of appeals against the decisions of the district officers. such appeals were to be heard by the Lahore Darbar. These measures infuriated the Diwan, as he considered it as an infringement of his rights.
    So keeping in view the insulting attitude of the British Diwan Mul Raj first resigned, then changed his mind and agreed to continue for some time. Later his resignation was accepted on March 24, 1848 and Sardar Khan Singh was appointed as the new Diwan of Multan while two British officers, Mr. P. A. Vans Agnew and Lt. W. A. Anderson were appointed to take care of the administration. When these officers reached Multan they were received by Diwan Mul Raj but his advisers forced him to change his mind. In the meanwhile commotion and agitation spread into the city. As such the helpless Diwan became a tool in the hands of the Sikh Army which rebel.led and the two British off icers were mu rdered. The rebelling soldiers gathered around Mul Raj and declared him as their leader.
    This open rebellion infuriated the British Government at Lahore and they decided that Multan should be captured and amalgamated into the British Territory. So the British Government collected forces right from Bannu to Bombay on top priority basis in order to capture Multan and by the end of the year Multan was surrounded from all sides. On December 21) 1848 the Bombay Division commanded by Brigadier Dundas also reached Multan. On December 27, one British column launched an attack on the suburbs and the residence of Mul Raj, the "Aam Khas", was bombarded while three other columns were ordered to make diversion to distract the enemy. The irregular forces commenced the diversion at noon and by 4 p.m. the whole line of the suburbs including the tomb of Sawan Mal, the blue Mosque of Shams Sabzwari and the cantonments of the 'Aam Khas' were in possession of the British. The Bombay Native Rifles actually
    entered one of the city gates. Meanwhile, a shell from a mortar blew up the magazine located within the fort. containing 5,000 maunds of powder. The explosion destroyed the great Mosque and the lofty dome of Baha-ud-Din Zakariya's Tomb.
    On January 2, 1849, breaches in the Khuni Burj and the Dehii Gate were reported, and storming parties advanced and crossed the intervening ditch, but the city wall was found intact with a height of 30 feet, totally impregnable. A most bloody struggle ensued and the English became masters of the town. Again, to
    quote Latif: "Terrible had been the carnage during the siege and frightful the effect of the British Ordnance. The battered town of Multan presented the appearance of a vessel wrecked and broken by a tremendous storm which had driven it to an
    inhospitable shore. The streets were strewn with slain Sikhs, whose long locks, matted with gore, and beards, blown about by the wind, gave the dead a demoniacal appearance. Not a house or wall had escaped the effects of the English shells. All had been scorched and blackened by the bombardment. Mul Raj retired to the citadel with more than 3,000 picked men, the rest all dispersed and fled. In vain did the Diwan make an endeavour to rally them. They were dispirited, and nothing was left for the garrison but to sally or. surrender. Mul Raj was now reduced to the last extremity. A constant storm of shell had reduced the
    interior of the fortress to a wreck. Ail the flour having been blown up in the explosion of the grand mosque, every soldier of the garrison was obliged to grind the wheat for his own food. Mul Raj's chief advisers urgently pressed him to surrender, and he promised either to do this or take poison. He was finally arrested by the British and that was the end of the Sikh rule over Multan as well as the end of loot and plunder which was the main characteristic of the Sikh rule.
    As stated above the residents of Multan suffered extensively during this battle. It was another addition to the history of the power game and bloodshed witnessed by the streets of Multan but life returned to normal with the passage of time.
    1900-2003 AD Multan, however, lost its very important position as soon as the British stronghold over the sub-continent grew stronger and stronger. Although peace prevailed in the region but no real progress was made. When independence was achieved in 1947 Multan was a forgotten region. There was no industry; no higher and professional educational Institutions, no high standard hospitals; so much so that there was not even a single recreation park in the whole of the city. It looked more like a town though its population was nearly one lakh. The site of the Old Fort was in ruins. Thorny bushes and ditches were in plenty whispering the awful tale of its ruination, Majority of the roads were unmetalled and the sewerage system too defective to explain. The history of the district since independence is mainly connected with the expansion of facilities except a few minor changes such as one of its districts, that is, D.G. Khan has been declared as the Divisional Headquarter and some of its Tehsils such as Vehari as the new District etc.

Kashmir History in Urdu || Jammu and Kashmir History || History of Jammu and Kashmir || Jammu and Kashmir History In Urdu || Jammu and Kashmir History In Short || Jammu and Kashmir wiki || Jammu and Kashmir History In English

Kashmir History in Urdu || Jammu and Kashmir History || History of Jammu and Kashmir || Jammu and Kashmir History In Urdu || Jammu and Kashmir History In Short || Jammu and Kashmir wiki || Jammu and Kashmir History In English || Masla Kashmir History

                          Kashmir History in English 1

The Kashmir dispute is the oldest unresolved international dispute in the world today. Pakistan considers Kashmir as its core political dispute with India. So does the international community, except India. The exchange of fire between their forces across the Line of Control, which separates Azad Kashmir from Occupied Kashmir, is a routine affair. Now that both India and Pakistan have acquired nuclear weapons potential, the possibility of a third war between them over Kashmir, which may involve the use of nuclear weapons, cannot be ruled out.

Kashmir may be a cause to a likely nuclear disaster in South Asia, which should be averted with an intervention by the international community. Such an intervention is urgently required to put an end to Indian atrocities in Occupied Kashmir and prepare the ground for the implementation of UN resolutions, which call for the holding of a plebiscite to determine the wishes of the Kashmiri people.

Cause of the Kashmir Dispute
 
India’s forcible occupation of the State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947 is the main cause of the dispute. India claims to have ‘signed’ a controversial document, the Instrument of Accession, on 26 October 1947 with the Maharaja of Kashmir, in which the Maharaja obtained India’s military help against popular insurgency. The people of Kashmir and Pakistan do not accept the Indian claim. There are doubts about the very existence of the Instrument of Accession. The United Nations also does not consider Indian claim as legally valid: it recognizes Kashmir as a disputed territory. Except India, the entire world community recognizes Kashmir as a disputed territory. The fact is that all the principles on the basis of which the Indian subcontinent was partitioned by the British in 1947 justify Kashmir becoming a part of Pakistan: the State had majority Muslim population, and it not only enjoyed geographical proximity with Pakistan but also had essential economic linkages with the territories constituting Pakistan.

History of the Dispute
 
The State of Jammu and Kashmir has historically remained independent,except in the anarchical conditions of the late 18th and first half of the 19th century, or when incorporated in the vast empires set up by the Mauryas (3rd century BC), the Mughals (16th to 18th century) and the British (mid-19th to mid-20th century). All these empires included not only present-day India and Pakistan but some other countries of the region as well. Until 1846, Kashmir was part of the Sikh empire. In that year, the British defeated the Sikhs and sold Kashmir to Gulab Singh of Jammu for Rs. 7.5 million under the Treaty of Amritsar.

Gulab Singh, the Maharaja, signed a separate treaty with the British, which gave him the status of an independent princely ruler of Kashmir. Gulab Singh died in 1857 and was replaced by Rambir Singh (1857-1885). Two other Maharajas, Partab Singh (1885-1925) and Hari Singh (1925-1949) ruled in succession. Gulab Singh and his successors ruled Kashmir in a tyrannical and repressive way. The people of Kashmir, nearly 80 per cent of who were Muslims, rose against Maharaja Hari Singh’s rule. He ruthlessly crushed a mass uprising in 1931. In 1932, Sheikh Abdullah formed Kashmir’s first political party the All Jammu & Kashmir Muslim Conference (renamed as National Conference in 1939). In 1934, the Maharaja gave way and allowed limited democracy in the form of a Legislative Assembly. However, unease with the Maharaja’s rule continued. According to the instruments of partition of India, the rulers of princely states were given the choice to freely accede to either India or Pakistan, or to remain independent. They were, however, advised to accede to the contiguous dominion, taking into consideration the geographical and ethnic issues.

In Kashmir, however, the Maharaja hesitated. The principally Muslim population, having seen the early and covert arrival of Indian troops, rebelled and things got out of the Maharaja’s hands. The people of Kashmir were demanding to join Pakistan. The Maharaja, fearing tribal warfare, eventually gave way to the Indian pressure and agreed to join India by, as India claims, ‘signing’ the controversial Instrument of Accession on 26 October 1947. Kashmir was provisionally accepted into the Indian Union pending a free and impartial plebiscite. This was spelled out in a letter from the Governor General of India, Lord Mountbatten, to the Maharaja on 27 October 1947. In the letter, accepting the accession, Mountbatten made it clear that the State would only be incorporated into the Indian Union after a reference had been made to the people of Kashmir. Having accepted the principle of a plebiscite, India has since obstructed all attempts at holding a plebiscite.

In 1947, India and Pakistan went to war over Kashmir. During the war, it was India, which first took the Kashmir dispute to the United Nations on 1 January 1948 The following year, on 1 January 1949, the UN helped enforce ceasefire between the two countries. The ceasefire line is called the Line of Control. It was an outcome of a mutual consent by India and Pakistan that the UN Security Council (UNSC) and UN Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) passed several resolutions in years following the 1947-48 war. The UNSC Resolution of 21 April 1948 one of the principal UN resolutions on Kashmir stated that “both India and Pakistan desire that the question of the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan should be decided through the democratic method of a free and impartial plebiscite”. Subsequent UNSC Resolutions reiterated the same stand. UNCIP Resolutions of 3 August 1948 and 5 January 1949 reinforced UNSC resolutions.

Nehru’s Betrayal

India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru made a pledge to resolve the Kashmir dispute in accordance with these resolutions. The sole criteria to settle the issue, he said, would be the “wishes of the Kashmir people”. A pledge that Prime Minister Nehru started violating soon after the UN resolutions was passed. The Article 370, which gave ‘special status’ to ‘Jammu and Kashmir’, was inserted in the Indian constitution. The ‘Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly’ was created on 5 November 1951. Prime Minister Nehru also signed the Delhi Agreement with the then ‘ruler’ of the disputed State, Sheikh Abdullah, which incorporated Article 370. In 1957, the disputed State was incorporated into the Indian Union under a new Constitution. This was done in direct contravention of resolutions of the UNSC and UNCIP and the conditions of the controversial Instrument of Accession. The puppet ‘State’ government of Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed rushed through the constitutional provision and the people of Kashmir were not consulted.

In 1965, In 1965, India and Pakistan once again went to war over Kashmir. A cease-fire was established in September 1965. Indian Prime Minister Lal Bhadur Shastri and Pakistani President Ayub Khan signed the Tashkent Declaration on 1 January 1966. They resolved to try to end the dispute by peaceful means. Although Kashmir was not the cause of 1971 war between the two countries, a limited war did occur on the Kashmir front in December 1971. The 1971 war was followed by the signing of the Simla Accord, under which India and Pakistan are obliged to resolve the dispute through bilateral talks. Until the early 1997, India never bothered to discuss Kashmir with Pakistan even bilaterally. The direct foreign-secretaries-level talks between the two countries did resume in the start of the 1990s; but, in 1994, they collapsed. This happened because India was not ready even to accept Kashmir a dispute as such, contrary to what the Tashkent Declaration and the Simla Accord had recommended and what the UNSC and UNCIP in their resolutions had stated.

The government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, after coming to power in February 1997, took the initiative of resuming the foreign secretaries-level talks with India. The process resumed in March 1997 in New Delhi. At the second round of these talks in June 1997 in Islamabad, India and Pakistan agreed to constitute a Joint Working Group on Kashmir.But soon after the talks, India backtracked from the agreement, the same way as Prime Minister Nehru had done back in the 1950s by violating his own pledge regarding the implementation of UN resolutions seeking Kashmir settlement according to, as Mr. Nehru himself described, “the wishes of the Kashmiri people.”

The third round of India-Pakistan foreign secretaries-level talks was held in New Delhi in September 1997, but no progress was achieved as India continued dithering on the question of forming a Joint Working Group on Kashmir. The Hindu nationalist government of Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpaee is neither ready to accept any international mediation on Kashmir, nor is it prepared to seriously negotiate the issue bilaterally with Pakistan. Popular uprising since 1989, the situation in Occupied Kashmir has undergone a qualitative change. In that year, disappointed by decades-old indifference of the world community towards their just cause and threatened by growing Indian state suppression, the Kashmiri Muslim people rose in revolt against India. A popular uprising that has gained momentum with every passing day unlike the previous two popular uprisings by Kashmiris (1947-48, first against Dogra rule and then against Indian occupation; and 1963, against Indian rule, triggered by the disappearance of Holy relic), which were of a limited scale.

The initial Indian response to the 1989 Kashmiri uprising was the imposition of Governor’s Rule in the disputed State in 1990, which was done after dissolving the government of Farooq Abdullah, the son of Sheikh Abdullah. From July 1990 to October 1996, the occupied State remained under direct Indian presidential rule. In September 1996, India stage-managed ‘State Assembly’ elections in Occupied Kashmir, and Farooq Abdullah assumed power in October 1996. Since then, the situation in the occupied territories has further deteriorated. Not only has the Indian military presence in the disputed land increased fundamentally, the reported incidents of killing, rape, loot and plunder of its people by Indian security forces have also quadrupled.

To crush the Kashmiri freedom movement, India has employed various means of state terrorism, including a number of draconian laws, massive counter-insurgency operations, and other oppressive measures. The draconian laws, besides several others, include the Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act, 1990; Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Act (TADA), 1990; the Jammu & Kashmir Public Safety Act, 1978 (amended in 1990); and the Jammu & Kashmir Disturbed Areas Act, 1990.

Most Densely Soldiered Territory
 
The Indian troops-to-Kashmiri people ratio in the occupied Kashmir is the largest ever soldiers-to-civilians ratio in the world. There are approximately 600,000 Indian military forces including regular army, para-military troops, border security force and police currently deployed in the occupied Kashmir. This is in addition to thousands of “counter-militants” the civilians hired by the Indian forces to crush the uprising. Since the start of popular uprising, the Indian occupation forces have killed thousands of innocent Kashmir people.

There are various estimates of these killings. According to government of India estimates, the number of persons killed in Occupied Kashmir between 1989 and 1996 was 15,002. Other Indian leaders have stated a much higher figure. For instance, former Home Minister Mohammad Maqbool Dar said nearly 40,000 people were killed in the Valley “over the past seven years.” Farooq Abdullah’s 1996 statement estimated 50,000 killings “since the beginning of the uprising.” The All-Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC)-which is a representative body of over a dozen Kashmiri freedom fighters’ organizations also cites the same number. Estimates of world news agencies and international human rights organizations are over 20,000 killed.

Indian human rights violations in Occupied Kashmir include indiscriminate killings and mass murders, torturing and extra judicial executions, and destruction of business and residential properties, molesting and raping women. These have been extensively documented by Amnesty International, US Human Rights Watch Asia, and Physicians for Human Rights, International Commission of Jurists (Geneva), Contact Group on Kashmir of the Organization of Islamic Countries and, in India, by Peoples Union for Civil Liberties, the Coordination Committee on Kashmir, and the Jammu and Kashmir Peoples’ Basic Rights Protection Committee. Despite repeated requests over the years by world human rights organizations such as the Amnesty International, the Indian government has not permitted them any access to occupied territories. In 1997, it even refused the United Nations representatives permission to visit there.

Settling the Kashmir Issue
 
For decades, India has defied with impunity all the UN resolutions on Kashmir, which call for the holding of a “free and fair” plebiscite under UN supervision to determine the wishes of the Kashmiri people. Not just this. A massive Indian military campaign has been on, especially since the start of the popular Kashmiri uprising in 1989, to usurp the basic rights of the Kashmiri people. Killing, torture, rape and other inhuman practices by nearly 600,000 Indian soldiers are a norm of the day in Occupied Kashmir.

The Kashmir problem will be solved the moment international community decides to intervene in the matter to put an end to Indian state terrorism in Occupied Kashmir and to implement UN resolutions. These resolutions recommend demilitarization of Kashmir (through withdrawal of all outside forces), followed immediately by a plebiscite under UN supervision to determine the future status of Kashmir. The intervention of the international community is all the more necessary, given the consistent Indian opposition to both bilateral and multilateral options to settle the Kashmir issue. Such an intervention is also urgently required to stop the ever-growing Indian brutalities against the innocent Muslim people of Kashmir, who have been long denied their just right to self-determination.

Averting a Nuclear Disaster
 
If the world community failed to realize the gravity of the Kashmir problem now, there is the very likelihood of Kashmir once again becoming the cause of another war between India and Pakistan. And, since both the countries have acquired overt nuclear weapons potential, and since India led by Hindu nationalists has clearly shown its aggressive intentions towards Kashmir after declaring itself a nuclear state, a third India-Pakistan war over Kashmir is a possibility, a war that may result in a South Asian nuclear catastrophe. The world community, therefore, has all the reasons for settling Kashmir, the core unresolved political dispute between Islamabad and New Delhi.

Like many other international disputes, the Kashmir issue remained a victim of world power politics during the Cold War period. When the dispute was first brought to the UN, the Security Council, with a firm backing of the United Sates, stressed the settlement of the issue through plebiscite. Initially, the Soviet Union did not dissent from it. Later, however, because of its ideological rivalry with the United States, it blocked every Resolution of the UN Security Council calling for implementation of the settlement plan. In the post-Cold War period when cooperation not dispute is the fast emerging norm of international politics, a factor that has helped resolve some other regional disputes the absence of any credible international mediation on Kashmir contradicts the very spirit of the times.An India-Pakistan nuclear war over Kashmir? Or a settlement of the Kashmir issue, which may eventually pave the way for setting up a credible global nuclear arms control and non-proliferation regimes? The choice is with the world community, especially the principal players of the international system.

                               Kashmir History in English 2

                                             Introduction
Jammu and Kashmīr, territory in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. Commonly known as Kashmīr. Both India and Pakistan claim all of Kashmīr, but the territory has been partitioned since 1947. India controls most of the region, which it has organized as the state of Jammu and Kashmīr. The capital of the Indian portion is Srīnagar. Pakistan administers the northwestern portion as Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The administrative center of the Pakistani portion is Muzaffarābād.

Kashmīr is almost entirely mountainous, including the great mountains of the Karakorum Range in the north. The Indus River flows through the region. Most of the population is engaged in agriculture; the principal crops are rice, corn, wheat, and oilseeds. Silk weaving and carpet weaving are major industries. The majority of the population is Muslim, and there are Hindu, Sikh, and Buddhist minorities.

History: Kashmīr was originally a stronghold of Hinduism. Beginning in the mid-14th century AD, Muslim sultans controlled the area for two centuries. Mughal emperor Akbar conquered Kashmīr between 1586 and 1592 AD. It later was controlled by Afghans, Sikhs, and the British. Following the 1947 partition of India into Pakistan and the Republic of India, a small portion of the predominantly Muslim population of Kashmīr demanded accession to Pakistan, a Muslim state. Pakistan invaded the area, and India dispatched troops to Kashmīr. A cease-fire agreement between the two nations was concluded in 1949. Fighting broke out in 1965 and 1971.


Location: It is situated in the heart of South-Central Asia and shares its borders with Afghanistan, China, Hindustan and Pakistan. A small strip of Wakhan seperates it from Tajikistan.

Area: The territory covers an area of 222,236 sq km (85,805 sq mi). It is larger than 70 other independent countries in area. Nearly two-third of its territory is under the occupation of Hindustan.

Population: 13 million, including 1½ million refugees in Pakistan and ½ million living in other parts of the world. It is thus bigger in size than 96 sovereign countries of the world.

Political Status: Jammu & Kashmir is a disputed territory within the meaning of international law. While its future status was yet to be determined, Hindustani forces invaded the territory on October 27, 1947 and obtained temporary accesion of the state from its autocratic ruler while at the same time promising the Kashmiri people as well as the United Nations that the future status of the territory would be determined by its people. These commitments incorporated subsequently into the United Nations resolutions of August 13, 1948 and January 5, 1949 stipulate that the future status of the state shall be decided through a free and fair plebiscite held under the auspices of the U.N


Solution: The international community in general and the U.N. in particular should use all their moral, economic and diplomatic influence in order to:

  • Stop forthwith the ongoing genocide of the innocent Kashmiri people.
  • Obtain a speedy withdrawal of over 700.000 Hindustani occupation forces from
    the territory.
  • Induct the United Nations Plebiscite Administrator.
  • Secure the earliest holding of the plebiscite within the terms of the U.N. resolutions.
                               

 
                              Kashmir History in English 3

Kashmir is one of the most beautiful valleys of South Asia. But at the same time, it is also one of the most disputed areas of world since a very long time. Kashmir issue is between Pakistan and India since the time when the separation of both countries was declared by British government. In the south of subcontinent the beautiful valley of Kashmir is located with the terrible and the most deadly beast in human form being the most cruel on the peaceful humanity living over there. The disputed and non-disputed area of Kashmir totals a huge sum of 39,102 square miles. This mass coverage by this beautiful valley and its belonging areas is divided into two parts the independent Kashmir and the disputed Kashmir. Disputed Kashmir comprises of 39102 square miles, which is in under the hold of Indian government and their military forces. The capital city of this disputed area is Siri Nagar. And the remaining 25,000 miles are of independent Kashmir and the capital of this area is Muzafar Abad, which is stabilized and operated under the concentrated observations of Pakistani government. The total population of Kashmir is one crore out of which 25 Lac Kashmiri people lives in independent Kashmir and the remaining are strangled in Disputed Kashmir and are fighting for their independence.
In 1846, British government sold the valley to a Dogra raja Ghulab Singh for 75 Lac rupees. The 80 % population of Kashmir comprises of Muslims, to rule over this hudge amount the raja used the extreme of his power. At the time of separation, on 26 October 1947, the raja Hari Singh announced the merger of Kashmir in India, which was against the will of Muslims. The merger caused a war between the two neighbor countries.
Kashmir issue is one of the major reasons for the dispute between Pakistan and India. to stop the war between Pakistan and India UNO had to interfere in 1949. On the basis of resolutions passed between Pakistan and India, UNO asked both countries to invade armies from Kashmir and to do a fair poll. Primarily the Indian prime minister agreed for poll but later on, he denied to do so. As a result of war Pakistan was able to invade some area from India, where an independent government was established. Still both countries are trying to resolve the Kashmir issue in peaceful manner.