History of Peshawar in Urdu || Peshawar History in Urdu || History of Peshawar City In Urdu || Peshawar History || History of Peshawar || Peshawar History In Short || Peshawar wiki || Peshawar History In English

History of Peshawar in Urdu || Peshawar History in Urdu || History of Peshawar City In Urdu || Peshawar History || History of Peshawar || Peshawar History In Short || Peshawar wiki || Peshawar History In English

 

 

 

 History of Peshawar In English

Once standing on the top of imposing Bala-Hisar Fort in Peshawar, one could see the historic Khyber Valley- gateway that has seen traders, conquers, nomads and travellers passing through it. But today, you can only see the jungle of high concrete structures, plazas and clouds of hanging over the cityscape. So much ‘development’ has taken place in the historic city.
Zaheer-ud-Din Babur crossed the Khyber Pass in the Sixteen Century on his way from Kabul, and ordered to strengthen the Fort of Peshawar known as Bala-Hisar (the high Fort). The Fort became a symbol of his victory on this side of the Khyber Pass. Sikhs and British during their rule reinforced Bala-Hisar for different reasons through.
The history of the fort must surely to that of the city, but the early days are marked in mystery. It is tempting, however, to see this as the site of fortification protected by a moat that was visited and described by the Chinese travellers like Hsuan Tsang and later Ruder Kipling. Presently Bala-Hisar fort houses headquarters of a prestigious Frontier Corps- the defenders of the mountains. Many kings have stayed in this Fort cum Royal residence in the past, contemplating their strategic moves to consolidate their gains.
The Mosque Mahabat Khan, Peshawar’s outstanding architecture legacy, in Jeweller’s Bazar was constructed by the Governor of Peshawar Mahabat Khan Mirza Lerharsib, in 1630 during the era of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan. The Mosque was desecrated and badly damaged by the Sikhs in early nineteen century and later when the fire broke out in 1898. The British renovated it for the first time and brought back some of its grandeur.
Presently it is being looked after by the Auqaf Department and seem in an urgent need of attention. Intricate naqqashi is fading and creaks have snacked in the courtyard as well as in the walls of the grand mosque.
For-tiered Cunningham clock tower erected at the turn of the century on the eve of Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee other gems in the history of Peshawar that catch the eye of any passer by.
The famous Chowk Yadgar, is located in the amidst of wide and sprawling convergence point of different major roads and bazaars of the city, have witnessed agitation stemming from religious, political and international issues in the country. Commemorative square was originally named in the memory of British Colonel Hastings. In 1969, the square was dedicated to the heroes of 1965 Indo-Pakistan war.
Edward’s Collage was established in 1901 and named in the memory of famous administrative Sir Herbert Edward as missionary boarding school. Later, Haji Sahib of Turangzai laid down the foundation of Islamia collage in 1911. The collage has magnificent frontage facing Jamrud Road with its domes, kiosks and pinnacles rising above the green trees, which contrast sharply with red brick ornate building. The architectural taste is peculiarly of Mughal with a touch of colonial style. Three domed mosque adjacent to the collage is also of the artistic pleasure.
The British made Peshawar their frontier headquarters. They also added a new part to the historic city: typical colonial garrison with Gora Bazaar, church, single men barracks, bungalows and cantonment Railway Station. The blend of colonial and Mughal architecture, shady trees, flower beds along pathways and spacious
Houses in garrison in contrast to the multi storied residences in the city still stand out boldly.
Cosmopolitan character of Qissa Khawani Bazaar-Piccadilly of Peshawar is lined with its traditional kehwa khanas, Tikka, Chapli Kabab and dry fruit shops along with modern show rooms of leather ware and bright coloured garments. The stories of the Amirs of Bokhara and the Khans of Khiva and regional love of ‘Adam and our Khani have been substituted by satellite receivers continuously breaking news and telling amazing tales of fiction from all over the world. General Evitable, the Italian mercenary who was appointed governor of Peshawar by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, built the bazaar in the present shape in the early nineteenth century. Among tourist, it is still best known Bazaar of the city. Afghan refugees who came to Peshawar as a result of Soviet occupation have added yet another dimension in the character of the city in general this bazaar in particular where they can be seen doing business from exchanging money to selling Kehwa.
In a grand Victorian hall, the Peshawar Museum houses one of the world’s best collection of Gandhara art, including stupas depicting the Buddha’s stupa collection presents a clear picture of life of Peshawar Valley during first four centuries A.D. when Peshawar was the capital of a vast empire. Handicrafts, tools and cloths of different tribes in the ethnological portion I the museum are also interesting and throw light on the cultural heritage of the region.
Life during the early days may be severed in old city. Historic houses having bay windows, jharoka and naqqashi work that may be reminiscent of Gandhara. Persian or Greek art are still servicing against all odds.
Sethi houses built during 1830-34, wood - work added in them in 1983, are good specimen of the past. Expert from International Union of Conservation have already carried out a survey for conservation of the houses and the result is still awaited . but the requirement is that Archaeology Department, city development agencies and real estate developers, all should work for preservation of legendary character of the city holding thousands of secrets.
Beyond history, heritage and culture, Peshawar faces all problems urbanization. City once famous for gardens and flowers is turning Grey. A case study of Peshawar has revelled that the city has lost 2700 acres of agriculture land during the two decades (1965-85). This in the addition to 400 of acres of vacant land that has been also eaten up by expending urban functions. In the same period, the land under parks and green space has shrunk from 163 to 75 acres.
With such thick layer of history compressed so tightly, Peshawar today is continuously growing and expanding. The need of the hour is that the concerned authorities should make plans for conserving its heritage otherwise we will lose our rich culture.

History of Karachi in Urdu || Karachi History In Urdu || History of Karachi in Urdu Language || Karachi Biography In Urdu And English || History of Karachi Pakistan in Urdu || History of Karachi in English

History of Karachi in Urdu || Karachi History In Urdu || History of Karachi in Urdu Language || Karachi Biography In Urdu And English || History of Karachi Pakistan in Urdu ||  History of Karachi in English

History Of Karachi In English

 Introduction

Karachi (Urdu: ڪراچي) is the capital of the province of Sindh, and the most populated city in Pakistan, sometimes known as the "City of Baba Quaid-e-Azam", after Muhammad Ali Jinnah the founder of Pakistan. It is located on the coast of the Arabian Sea in southeastern Pakistan, northwest of the Indus Delta. The city is the financial and commercial centre as well as the largest port of Pakistan.

The site of an ancient community of fishing villages, the modern port-city of Karachi was developed by authorities of the British Raj in the 19th century. Upon the creation of Pakistan in 1947, the city was selected to become the national capital, and was exposed to a massive influx of immigrants from India, which radically expanded the city's population and transformed the demographics and economy. Karachi has faced major infrastructural and socio-economic challenges, but modern industries and businesses have developed in the city, and the population expanded even after the capital was moved to Islamabad in August 1960. With a population of thirteen million it is considered as the 16th largest city of the world.

Location

Karachi is located at latitude 24° 48´ N and longitude 66° 59´ E. The urban sprawl starts from the westernmost mouth of the River Indus and goes up to the mountains and hills that form the southernmost edges of the Kirthar Mountain Range. The Arabian Sea is the southern boundary of the city. The city is located on the Arabian Sea north west of the mouths of the Indus River.

Geography

Karachi is mostly made up of flat or rolling plains with hills on the western and northern boundaries of the urban sprawl. Two rivers pass through the city the Malir River (north east to center) and the Liari River (north to south). Many other smaller rivers pass through the city as well with general drainage being from the western and northern areas towards the south. The Karachi harbour is a protected bay to the south west of the city. The southern limit of the city is the Indian Ocean and forms a chain of beautiful sandy beaches.

History

The area that now consists of Karachi was originally a group of small villages including Kalachi-jo-Kun and the fort of Manora. Any history of Karachi prior to the 19th century is sketchy. It is said that the city called Krokola from which one of Alexander the Great's admirals sailed at the end of his conquests was the same is Karachi. When Muhammad bin Qasim came to India in the year 712 he captured the city of Debul. It has been said that Debal was the ancestral village of present day Karachi. Although this has neither been proven or disproven.

It was in 1729 that Kolachi-jo-Goth was transformed from a fishing village to a trading post when it was selected as a port for trade with Muscat and Bahrain. In the following years a fort was built and cannons brought in from Muscat were mounted on it. The fort had two doorways, one facing the sea called the Khara Darwaza or Brackish Gate and one facing the River Lyari called the Meetha Darwaza or Sweet Gate. In 1795 the city passed from the Khan of Kalat to the Talpur rulers of Sindh. Karachi had gained in position as a major port and was hence becoming an important city. The importance of the Indus and Sindh led the British to capture the city on the 3rd of February 1839 starting an era of foreign rule and colonial subjugation that was to end in 1947.

In 1876 the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born in the city, and he would later be buried here in 1948. Karachi by now was a city with railroads, churches, paved streets, courts and many commercial centers and a magnificent harbour that was built by the British. Many of these buildings were built in classical British style, and contrast with the "Mughal Gothic" of Lahore. Many of these old buildings continue to stand, and are interesting destinations for visitors.

In 1947, Karachi was made the capital of the new nation of Pakistan. At that time Karachi was a city of only 400,000 people, and it's growth accelerated due to the new status. Being the capital Karachi became the centre of the new nation and this added to its status as a cultural centre in this part of the world. Although the capital later moved to Rawalpindi and then Islamabad in 1959. Karachi remains the economic center of Pakistan, accounting for a large portion of the GNP of the nation.

Education

Karachi district has the highest literacy rate in any of Pakistan's districts. The city is home to many universities and colleges. Here is a list of some of the more important ones.

» Karachi University (KU)
» Aga Khan University (AKU)
» Nadirshaw Edulji Dinshaw University of Engineering and Technology (NED)
» Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture (IVSAA)
» National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Karachi (NUCES)
» Institute of Business Administration (IBA)
» Complete list of Colleges & Universities in Karachi

Economy

Karachi is the financial capital of Pakistan. It is also home to the largest stock exchange of Pakistan: the Karachi Stock Exchange. Most Pakistani banks have their headquarters in Karachi. Most of these are located on the I.I.Chundrigarh Road. The headquarters of nearly all the multinational corporation (MNC) based in Pakistan are in Karachi. Most Pakistani corporations are headquartered in Karachi as well. Karachi also has a huge industrial base. There are large industrial estates on most of the fringes of the main city. The main industries are textiles, pharmaceuticals, steel, and automobiles. Apart from this there are many cottage industries in the city as well. Currently, the Karachi Port is the only large port in Pakistan, and is central to all shipping in Pakistan. The airport of Karachi is also the largest airport in Pakistan and the hub of most local airlines. Karachi accounts for the lion's share of Pakistan's GDP. The city is said to contribute about 48% of the national revenues.

Culture

Karachi is a melting pot of peoples and cultures. Before 1947, the city was inhabited mainly by people from the areas near the city, the people basically being Sindhis, Baluchis, Mekranis and Gujaratis. In 1947 most of the city's Hindu population left, and a large number of immigrants Mohajirs came from India. Most of these are from the Urdu Speaking parts of India. But Memons from Gujarat and small quantities of communities from other areas also arrived. Giving Karachi a flavour of all the provinces and parts of British India. After independence a steady stream of immigrants has been coming to the city from different parts of Pakistan and made large Punjabi, Pathan, Bengali and Hazara communities to grow in Karachi. In 1971 there was a large influx of mainly Urdu Speaking people from the former East Pakistan. In the 1980s a large number of Afghan refugees streamed into the city.

Now Karachi has a sizeable community of people from all the different parts of Pakistan. Karachi also has large numbers of people from all the different cultural segments of South Asia and Afghanistan. Karachi also has small immigrant communities from as far off as Africa and Burma. This mixture of peoples and cultures gives Karachi a very cosmopolitan touch. Karachi can be called a melting pot of many different flavours. It is a very cosmopolitan city with different languages and cultures intermingling all the time. The city is a beautiful mixture of the old and the new. Burqa clad women will walk on the same roads that women drivers are seen on. Karachi's culture can only be described as Karachi's culture, it is different from the rest of the country but it is not defined, it is changeable with the people. 

History of Quetta in Urdu || Quetta History In Urdu || Quetta History || Quetta City Biography || History of Quetta in English

History of Quetta in Urdu || Quetta History In Urdu || Quetta History || Quetta City Biography || History of Quetta in English

 

 Quetta History In Roman Urdu

Quetta aik qadeem saqafat ka hamil shehar hai. Jis ke charon taraf paharon ki wadiyan mojood hain is ki qadeem tareekh mein aik qila ke naam se yaad kiya jata tha aur "Shawl Coat" ke naam se bhi mashoor hai kyoun ke yahan sardi bohat zayada hoti hai aur yahan ki shawl bohat mashoor hai. Quetta ka wajood 6th century se milta hai. Us waqt ye Iran ki saltanat Sasan ka hisa tha. 7th century mein jub Musalmanon ke hathon Iran fatah hua ye bhi usi saltanat ka hisa ban gaya.

Quetta city ke bare mein khayal kiya jata hai ke kamsi qabila ke afrad ne Takht-e-Sulaiman se akar isi shehar mein sakonat ikhtyar ki. 1556 tak Quetta mughal saltanat ka hisa raha aur phir Irani saltanat ka hisa bana. 1730 ke baad ye shehar Qalat ki riyasat mein shamil ho gaya phir aik Europian tarikh dan ke mutabiq 1828 mein Quetta shehar ke gird mitti ki aik bohat bari deewar thi jis ne Quetta ko aik shandar qila ki shakal de di. Us waqt is qila mein taqreeban 300 houses abad thay.
Is ke baad aik English tourist ne is city ko baqaida tor par aik qila ki shakal de di, baad mein 1839 ki Afghani aur British war mein Angreez Quetta par qabiz ho gaye aur isay political agents ke zariye apni saltanat mein shamil kar liya. Is tabdeeli se hazaron qabail ke afrad bari tadad mein yahan abad ho gaye jis se Quetta ki abadi mein bohat zayada izafa ho gaya. Jo 1935 ke khofnak zalzala tak jari raha. Phir apne dor-e-hukumat mein Angreezon ne Quetta ko aik fauji ada mein tabdeel kar diya. Jo ke zalzala se tabah ho kar mitti ka dheer ban gaya. Us earthquake mein taqreeban 40,000 afrad luqma ajal ban gaye thay, us zalzala se Quetta ki koi building apni real halat mein na rahi bilkul mukamal tor par tamam Quetta tabah ho gaya tha phir Afghanistan aur Iran ke tajaron ki rah guzar aur markaz hone ki wajah se Quetta dobara safa hasti par namudar hua. Jisay qayam-e-Pakistan ke baad Baloch alaqay ka sadar muqam hone ka azaz hasil ho gaya. Aur phir Baluchistan province bannay par is ki mazeed haisiyat mustehkam ho gayi aur tijarati aur karobari sargarmiyan phir arooj par pohanch gayien.

Quetta sea level se 5000 feet unchai par hone ki wajah se tourism ka behtareen markaz bhi hai. Phir Afghanistan masla jo ke 1979 mein namudar hua tha ye Quetta ki dobara tameer aur kaseer abadi ka sabab bana. Kyoun ke hazaron ki tadad mein Afghan mahajreen ne Quetta ko apna maskeen bana liya aur us ke ird gird kayi nayi abadiyan manzar par ana shuru ho gayien.

Ab Quetta Pakistan ka 9th bara shehar hai jis ki population 6 lack ke qareeb hai. Yahan se Pakistan ke dusre bare shehron tak rasai ke liye bari railway line bhi bichai gayi hai. Is ki bari railway line Iran ki city Zahedan se ja milti hai. Is ke ilawa Quetta ki ahmiyat Gwadar bandargah se aur bhar gayi hai.

History of Islamabad In Urdu || Islamabad History In Urdu || Islamabad Biography In Urdu And English || History of Islamabad City In Urdu || History of Islamabad in English || Information About Islamabad in English || Information About Islamabad inUrdu || Islamabad History And Culture

History of Islamabad In Urdu || Islamabad History In Urdu || Islamabad Biography In Urdu And English || History of Islamabad City In Urdu || History of Islamabad in English || Information About Islamabad in English || Information About Islamabad inUrdu || Islamabad History And Culture

 

 Islamabad History In Urdu 2

 

 History of Islamabad in English

 Introduction

 Islamabad ( اسلام آباد  ), is the capital city of Pakistan, and is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northwest of the country. It is located within the Islamabad Capital Territory (906.0 km²), though the area has historically been a part of the crossroads of the Punjab region and the North-West Frontier Province (the Margalla pass being a historic gateway to the North-West Frontier Province, and the Pothohar Plateau historically a part of the Punjab). Islamabad is located at 33°40′N 73°10′E. Islamabad has a population of 1,740,000 (in 2009). Its highest elevation is 1,604 m (5,263 ft) and lowest is  457 m (1,499 ft).

History

From independence until 1958 Pakistan's capital was Karachi in Sindh in the far south. Worries about the concentration of investment and development in that city are said to have led to the idea of building a new capital in a different location. There was also the hegemony of the predominantly Mohajir Civil Service to break, In 1958, during the administration of Pakistani President Ayub Khan, a site immediately north of Rawalpindi was chosen as the permanent capital. Rawalpindi was designated as the temporary capital. Work on the new capital began during the 1960s.

The planning and construction was largely headed by the Greek urban planner Constantinos A. Doxiadis. His plan revolved around the building of the city in sectors, each containing four sub-sectors separated by green belts and parks. There was a strong emphasis on greenery and open space.

In 1967, the capital was officially moved from Rawalpindi to Islamabad. The city was divided into Rural and urban Areas. The urban area was managed by CDA Capital Development Authority, while Rural area was divided into 12 union Councils and 30 Towns. Among these 12 union councils, union Council Koral is the biggest and the most developed Union council. It has

When Islamabad was finally built, growth was slow, and the government did not fully relocate to the city from Rawalpindi until the 1980s. During this time the capital's population was small, at around 250,000. This changed dramatically during the 1990s with the population increasing, instigating the building of new sectors. The CDA was established on June 14, 1960 (first by an executive order issued on June 24, 1960 entitled the Pakistan Capital Regulation, and superseded by the CDA ordinance issued on June 27, 1960 by the National Parliament) and accorded the task of developing Islamabad as well as all major government buildings. According to the CDA ordinance, the Ministry of the Interior appoints all members of the board of governors of CDA who in turn appoint all CDA functionaries under them in consultation with the Ministry of the Interior. The CDA is also responsible for running the city of Islamabad and provides most city services such as trash pickup, street cleaning, etc.

On October 8th 2005, an earthquake hit northern parts of Pakistan and was also felt in Islamabad. The earthquake destroyed the Margalla Towers located in sector F-10. The collapsed building was the only one destroyed in the city. Subsequent surveys of the collapsed building showed that the building was made from sub-standard material. The residents of the buildings had sent several complaints to the Capital Development Authority to which no satisfactory response was sent. More recently, the Prime Minister of Pakistan has said that a separate building code be implemented for Islamabad.

Geography, Climate & Demography

The city is situated at the edge of the Pothohar plateau, south of the Margalla hills. The modern capital Islamabad and the ancient Gakhar city of Rawalpindi stand side by side, displaying the country’s past and present. The area's micro-climate is regulated by three man-made lakes (Rawal, Simli and Khanpur). The city has hot summers with monsoon rains occurring during July and August. Even on the few winter days when pre-dawn temperatures fall below freezing, the afternoons are usually sunny and mild: in the coldest month, January, the average daily maximum temperature is 16°C (61°F).

Punjabis account for 65% of the population followed by the Pashtuns at around 15-20%, Muhajirs at 7% and others (Sindhi, Balochi, Kashmiri's, etc) at 7%. (the refugee population is not counted on the census).

Tourism and Sightseeing

Islamabad is a young rather modern and clean city, especially in comparison to other cities in Pakistan. It is well-organized, with the city being divided into different sectors, each with certain facilities. However, the views from the sculpted gardens of Islamabad's Shakar Parian Hills, the fascinating Heritage Museum, and the huge marble statue of Shah Faisal Mosque are the major highlights of the modern city. To the west of Islamabad is the Buddhist site of Taxila, dating from 500 BC. Sculptures here show a strong Greek influence, a result of Alexander the Great's journey through the region. The commercial center of Islamabad is known as the Blue Area and runs along the length of Jinnah Avenue. Its eastern end runs into Parliament Road, where the majority of government buildings are located.

The city is very green, with much afforestation of what was formerly scrub forest and open ground. The city's pleasant climate has enabled the introduction of many exotic plants into the area. There is also much wildlife in the north in the Margalla hills, which have been turned into a national park.

Islamabad's architecture walks a tight-rope between modernity and tradition. The Saudi-Pak Tower is a good example of the combination of modern and traditional styles into one building. The city is also home to the Faisal Mosque, which is well-known for its architecture and immense size. Quaid-i-Azam University is also located in the capital city along with numerous government buildings and foreign embassies such as the National Assembly building, the Supreme Court building, the President's official residence (Aiwan-e-Sadr) and the Prime Minister's secretariat. Another landmark is a giant silver-colored Globe statue, installed in 2004 to mark Pakistan's hosting of that year's SAARC Summit. Recently, Atkins UK have constructed a striking building for the capital, the Centaurus, reflecting the margalla hills surrounding it. Not only this be the tallest and most impressive structure in Islamabad, second only to proposed taller skyscrapers in Karachi and Lahore. 

Chiniot History in Urdu || History of Chiniot in Urdu || Chiniot History || Chiniot Furniture || Chiniot History In English

Chiniot History in Urdu || History of Chiniot in Urdu || Chiniot History || Chiniot Furniture || Chiniot History In English 

 

 

Chiniot History In English 

Chiniot – the name is enough to start the furniture lovers, travelers and cautiously curious dreaming. Antiquity is the first message of the town. And, international quality furniture “made in Chiniot” is collectors delight with potentials for marketing all over the world. On the bank of River Chenab in area called Sandal Bar, Chiniot town is an exotic place in the foot of series of hillocks that seem to be man made rather than evidence of old mountains.
The town is very ancient. It was inhabited before the time when Alexander of Macedon came in the South Asia and was principal city during the rule of White Huns. Chinese explorerHiuen Tsiang visited it.Alberuni has mentioned inKitabul-Hind that Chiniot was one of the there most important places in this part of the world.

Chiniot suffered much from the Durrani inroads during the last half of the eighteenth century and also during the troubles of I848because it remained the scene of constant fierce struggle among the leaders of local factions.  As per the local legend, portion of the wall, surviving in situ, had been built during Hellenic period.  The veracity of the wall’s association with Alexander the great is yet to be proven though. But the sit does give evidence of its distant past.
Artisans of Chiniot have instinctive good taste and they have achieved a distinctive excellence in woodwork. Masons of the town are said to have been employed during the construction of Taj Mahal at Agra and Golden Temple at Amritsar. Special type of furniture with brightly lacquered woodcarving is made in Chiniot and is famous all over the world. During the Mughal era, Chiniot produced many intelligent personalities and talented artisans who occupied positions in the Mughal courts, Nawab Saad Ullah Khan and Nawab Wazir Khan held the post of Prime Minister of India and the Governor of Lahore respectively during the rule of King Shah Jehan.
Chiniot is the famous city of Punjab that has recently been given the state of a district. The word Chiniot is the combination of “CHAN (moon)”, “OT (behind)” that collectively means “Behind the Moon”. At first this Chiniot city was the part of Jhang city but recently it has been separated. This ancient city was initially a Chinese village, in another tale it has been believed that this beautiful city was named after an emperor’s daughter who was very found of hunting

History of Faisalabad In Urdu || History of Fsd In Urdu || Manchester of Pakistan History || History of Lyallpur || Lyallpur History || Faisalabad History In English

History of Faisalabad In Urdu || History of Fsd In Urdu || Manchester of Pakistan History || History of Lyallpur || Lyallpur History

 

 

 Faisalabad History In English 

 The city was founded by the British in 1892 by Sir Charles James Lyall for whom it was originally named Lyallpur. Prior to the British making the area into an urban center, it largely consisted of various villages. The city-center of Lyallpur (Faisalabad) was designed to model the British Flag, with a large clock tower in the center and eight bazaars around the clock tower. The construction of various canals allowed the area to be irrigated. After the founding of the city, people were invited to the city with promises of land if they were to work it. This allowed the city to grow rapidly.
In 1977 the name of the city was changed to Faisalabad in honor of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia who had been assassinated.
The city of Faisalabad is not more than a century old. Just hundred years back this region was the center of keeping livestock. This city was irrigated in 1892 when Jhang & Gogera branches were supplied water. The foundation of first ever-residential area was laid in 1895. Its main purpose was the construction of a market. During those days, the area across the river Chenab was called Sandal Bar. Before the establishment of Lyallpur City the ancient residential area was called Pakka Marri now known as Pakki Marri. It became headquarters of the Lower Chenab Colony and in 1898 was incorporated as a municipality.
The caravans used to stay at this place while traveling from Jhang to Lahore. The English travelers of those times wanted to convert this area into a city. In the beginning the small establishment was called Chenab Canal Colony which was later named Lyallpur after the name of Governor of Punjab Lt. General Sir James B Lyall.
Its most distinguished feature (now indescribably filthy) is the town center which was laid out patriotically by Sir James Lyall in the shape of the British flag----a rectangle containing a cross and two diagonals. At the center is a clock tower where eight roads meet. These eight segments form the town's main bazaars. It is also called the city of eight bazars, which emerge from clock tower and laid out in the shape of the Union Jack (British Flag)
In 1910, the famous and oldest Chenab Club was constructed. There, British rulers used to spend their evenings to entertain themselves with drinks & music. In 1908, Punjab Agricultural College and Khalsa School were opened. Later Khalsa School was upgraded as Khalsa College, which is now called Municipal Degree College. The first railway started in 1910. The first residential area was Douglas Pura established in 1920. Industrialization was started in 1930. The project of Lyallpur Cotton Mills was completed in 1934. With the establishment of Pakistan as the population increased the city also expanded. When Pakistan came into being the area of this city was 3 sq. miles. Now it is more than 10 sq. miles. New residential areas were established like Peoples Colony, Ghulam Muhammadabad, Lahore colony, Afghanabad, Jail road etc.

Lahore History in urdu || Lahore History In Urdu || History Of Lahore In Urdu ||Lahore History Urdu || Lahore History In English

Lahore History in urdu || Lahore History In Urdu || History Of Lahore In Urdu ||Lahore History Urdu || Lahore History In English

 

Lahore

Lahore is second big and historical City of Pakistan. Lahore is situated on the bank of Ravi. The population size is 90 Lacs. The origins of Lahore’s name is rooted in Hindu mythology. Lahore is named after Lahawar and Loharo, who was the son of Ramayana, who features as a hero in Hindu mythology. It has been ruled by the Mughals, Sikhs and British before gaining Independence. Lahore is known as “ The Heart of Pakistan ”. In this page, you will read Lahore History In Urdu.

Lahore History In Urdu 

Pakistan ka dosra barha aur qadeem tareekhi shehar. Darye Ravi ke mashraqi kinare par aabad. Is ki maujooda abaadi 90 lakh nafoos par mushtamil hai. Lahore ki ibtedaai tareekh Hindoun ki mukhtalif riwayaat aur dastanon par mushtamil hai. Ek riwayat ke mutabiq is ki bunyad ( Ramayana ) ki rizmia nazmon ke mashoor hero Ram Chandar ke do larkon mein se aik ke naam ( Loh se ) par Lahore parha. Kashmir aur Rajputana ki qadeem tareekhi kitabon mein yeh Hindoun ki riyasat hai. Aik aur riwayat ke mutabiq ise maghrabi hindustan se aane wale Rajput shehzadon ne aabad kiya. Mehmood Ghaznavi ke Lahore fatah karne se qabal ye badastoor Hindoun ke qabzey mein tha. Mashoor Cheeni Sayyah Heaven Sang jis ne 630 mein Punjab ki siyahat ki ne bhi apne safarnamey mein kahin Lahore ka zikar nahi kiya. Musalman maurkheen mein al-idreesi ne nawi sadi easwi mein likhi gai apni kitab Hittul Mushtaq fi Iftekhadul Mushtaq mein ise ( Lahawar ) aur Abu Rehan al-Beruni ne apni kitab qanoon mein ise ( Loharo ) likha hai.

Mehmood Ghanavi ke bad Lahore 1288 se 1450 tak Ghauriyon, Khaljiyon, Taghlaqon, Syedon aur Lodhiyon ke qabze mein raha. 1526 mein Mughal Badsha Zaheer Uddin Babar ne Lahore par qabza kar liya. 

Lahore ne us waqt Muslim League ke plate form ki hesiyat ikhteyar kar li, jab 23 March 1940 mein yahan Qarardad e Pakistan manzoor ki gai.

1947 mein Qiyam e Pakistan par ise Pakistan mein shamil kar liya gaya, us waqt se le kar ab tak ise Pakistan ke saqafti markaz ki hesiyat hasil hai. Qiyam e Pakistan ke bad ye Punjab aur phir Maghrabi Pakistan ka sadar maqam raha. 1954 mein Pak Bharat jang mein Lahore ke shehriyon ne dushman ke muqable mein bahaduri ke jo johar dikhae the, hukoomat-e-Pakistan ne inhe Hilal-e-Istaqlaal ke aezaaz se nawaza. Yeh ek aesa aezaaz hai jo kabhi sarangon nahi hota.

Yeh shehar Madina tul Auliya ki hesiyat rakhta hai. Yahan aalmi shohrat yafta sufi buzurgon ke mazaraat bhi hain, jin mein Hazrat syedena Ali Johri Rehmatullah Alleh, Hazrat Miyan Meer, Hazrat Peer Makki Sahab, Hazrat Madho Laal Hussain aur Hazrat Shah Muhammed Ghaus ke mazaraat khusoosi taur par qabil e zikar hain. Darbar Hazrat Data Ganjsh Bakhsh se mulhiq ek barhi Masjid bhi qaiym hai.

Lahore ko Pakistan ka dil bhi kehte hain aur ghaliban is ki wajah ye bhi hai ke har ilaqe ke logon ne ise apna miskan bana liya hai.

Yahan mutaadid qabil-e-deed maqamaat bhi hain jin mein se chand aeham yeh hain.

Lahore Mosque (Lahore Ki Masjid ):

1. Badshahi Masjid:

Badshahi Masjid ka shumar duniya ki azeem tareekhi Masajid mein hota hai. Ise 1670 mein Mughal Badshah Aurangzeb Aalamgir ne tameer karwaya. Masjid sang surkh aur sang safed se bani hui hai.

2. Sunehri Masjid :

Sunehri Masjid bahat khobsurat Masjid hai aur rang Mehal ke chawk se zara aage hai. Ise Muhammed Shah ke aehad mein 1753 mein tameer kiya gaya.

3. Masjid Shuhada :

Yeh Masjid 1965 ki Pak Bharat jang mein shaheed hone wale mujahidin ki yaad mein tameer ki gai hai. Yeh tamam ki tamam sabz sang-e-mar mar ki bani hui shahrae Quaid-e-Azam par Regal Chowk ke bilkul qareeb hai.

4. Wazir Khan Masjid :

Yeh purani shehar ki hudood ke andar Kashmiri bazar mein waqeya hai. Is ki tarz-e-tameer mein mashraqi fun tameer ki ek jhalak numaya dikhai deti hai. Ise 1634 mein Shah Jahan ke wazeer Ilm uddin ke hukum se tameer kiya gaya. Is mein jo Tiles lagi hui hain us par Arab tarz ki tasaveer banai gai hain.

Shahi Qila:

Yeh badshahi Masjid ke bilmaqabil waqeya hai, is ki tameer ka kaam kae marhalon mein mukammal kiya gaya. Qiley mein Moti Masjid aur Sheesh Mehal bhi hai.

Deewan-e-aam, Deewan-e-Khas, Nau lakha Maiydan aur Shahi Hamam deegar qabil-e-zikar maqamaat hain.

Shalamar Bagh:

Yeh Baghaat 1640 mein Mughal Badshah Shah Jahan ke aehad mein lagae gae the. Ye Mughliya aehad ki azeem yadgaron mein se aik hai. Is maqam ko yeh aezaaz hasil hai ke yahan gher mulki mehmanon ke aezaaz mein istaqbaliya bhi diya jata hai. Yeh 42 aekarh raqbey par muheet hai. Mela Chiragan har saal March mein yehi munaqid kiya jata hai.

Lahore ke aeham baghaat mein Bagh-e-Jinnah, Race course Park, Jillo National Park, Nasir Park, Ravi Park, Hazoori Bagh, Gulshan Iqbal intehai aeham hai.

Minar e Pakistan:

Minar e Pakistan bilkul usi maqam par tameer kiya gaya hai. Jahan March 1940 mein Qarar dad Pakistan manzoor hui thi. Ye 206 ft buland hai aur is mein mukhtalif rang ke pathar lagaye gaye hain. Is mein jo baghaat lagwae gaye hain, wo mughliya tarz-e-tameer ki akasi karte hain. Yehi Shahnama-e-Islam ke khaliq aur Tarana e Pakistan ke Musannif Abu Al Asar Hafeez Jalandhari ka mazar hai. Awami tafreeh ke liye aik jheel bhi banai gai hai.

Library Lahore:

Lahore ki Punjab Public Library ka shumar Pakistan ki barhi Librariyon mein hota hai. Ye 1884 mein qaiym ki gai hai. Is mein 3.5 lakh kitabein maujood hain.

Quaid-e-Azam Library ye Maal Road par Governer

House ke bilkul qareeb waqeya hai aur Lahore ki sab se barhi ye Library 1987 mein qaiym ki gai thi.

Filmi Sanat:

Yeh shehar Pakistan ki filmi sanat ka markaz hai, yahan mutadid barhe studio hain. Taqreeban 10 theatre hain jo awaam ko tafreeh muhayya karne mein aeham kirdar ada kar rahe hain.

                           Lahore History In English

                                     Introduction

Lahore has 6.5 million inhabitants and thus the second biggest city in Pakistan. It is considered to be the 38th biggest city of the world. When the Indian subcontinent received independence in 1947, Lahore became the capital of West Punjab province, later known as Punjab province. In 1955 it was made the capital of the newly created West Pakistan province, which was reconstituted as Punjab province in 1970. Punjabi is the language of the province, and is the most widely spoken language in Lahore. Punjabi spoken by the people of Lahore is known as Lahori Punjabi due to a mixture of Punjabi and colloquial Urdu spoken in Lahore. Lahore has 9 Towns and ?? Union Councils.

Geography, Climate & Demographics

Lahore city is bounded on the north and west by the Sheikhupura District, on the east by India and on the south Kasur District. The Ravi River flows on the northern side of Lahore. Lahore city covers a total land area of 1,772 km² (684 sq. mile), but the city is still growing at a considerable rate. The city lies between 31°15′ and 31°45′ North latitude and 74°01′ and 74°39′ East longitude. Its elevation is 217 m (712 ft).

The climate of Lahore faces many extremes during the months of May, June, and July. During these months temperatures soar to 45–50 degrees Celsius which is the hottest time of the year. Following the end of July and beginning of August the monsoon seasons starts with heavy rainfall throughout the city as well as the province.

The minimum temperature varies between 39 and 26 degrees Celsius respectively, while December, January and February are the coldest months when temperature can drop to −1 degree Celsius and dropped to its lowest ever in January 2006 at −2. The city is situated on the flat alluvial plain at an average altitude of 706 feet above sea level. It lies in the upper Indus plain on the Ravi River, a tributary of the Indus.

According to the 1998 census 86.2%, or 6,896,000 of the population are Punjabis, 10.2% or 816,000 are Muhajirs. There are known to be more than a million Pashtun refugees in Lahore (the vast majority of whom are settling), probably about 15% of the population. Finally, the Seraikis at 0.4% number about 32,000. Many languages are spoken in Lahore, including Punjabi, Urdu and English.

History

Little is known of the history of the settlement prior to the Muslim period. Hindu legend attributes the founding of Lahore to Lava, or Loh, son of Rama (the hero of the Hindu epic Ramayana), after whom it is said to have been named Lohawar. It was the capital of the Ghaznavid dynasty from 1152 to 1186. The city became Muslim when Qutub-ud-din Aibak was crowned in 1206 and thus became the first Muslim Sultan of the subcontinent. During the 14th century the city was repeatedly attacked by the Mongols, and from 1524 to 1752 Lahore was part of the Mughal Empire. During Akbar's (Jellaladin Muhammad Akbár the Great 1542-1605) rule, Lahore was the capital of the empire from 1584 to 1598. Lahore's golden age began under the Mughals, and the city occasionally became the place of royal residence. During this time a massive fort, the Lahore Fort, which display magnificent examples of Kashi, or encaustic tile work was built on the fundaments of an older fort in the 1560s. This fort was later extended by Jahangir and Shah Jahan. The last of the great Mughals, Aurangzeb from 1658 until 1707, built the city's most famous monuments, the Badshahi Masjid Literally the 'Royal Mosque' and the Alamgiri Gate to the Lahore Fort. From the death of Aurangzeb to the accession of Ranjit Singh, Lahore was subjected to Sikh insurrections. With the invasion of Nader Shah, Lahore became an outpost 2of his empire, but its history thereafter was associated with the rise of the Sikhs. Under the Sikh ruler Ranjit Singh (1799-1839) it became the seat of a powerful government but declined again under his successors. The city passed under British rule in 1849.

Some of the old names of Lahore can be observed as:

    Laha-noor

    Loh-pur

    Mahmood-pur

    Samandpal Nagiri

    Lohar-pur

Culture & Festivity

Lahore is a very festive city, the people of Lahore celebrate many traditions throughout the year, with blending of moghal, western and latest trends. As Lahore has large muslim population, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha are celebrated in full swing with various concerts held in the city. Many people decorate their houses and light candles to light up the streets and houses.

Basant is a Punjab festival that marks the coming of spring. Basant celebrations in Pakistan are centered in Lahore and people from all over the country and abroad come to the city for the annual festivities. Kite flying competitions take place all over the city's rooftops during Basant. Currently the kite flying has been drawn under restriction by court due to a number of casualties caused every year by the strings used to fly kites. Now it is considered an illegal phenomenon, sadly a complete ban on kite flying has been put in place to prevent any more injuries. During 2006 the local Government of Punjab banned kite flying until further notice.

The Festival of Lamps or Mela Chiraghan is a very important and popular event in Lahore. This is celebrated at the same time as Basant, every spring on the last Friday of March outside the Shalimar Gardens. During the festival, people from all walks of life gather from all over the province to actively participate in the Festival. National Horse and Cattle Show is one of the most famous annual festivals, the National Horse and Cattle Show is also held in Spring in the Fortress Stadium. During the week long activities, there is a display of the finest livestock, horse and camel dances, tent pegging, colourful folk dances from all regions of Pakistan, mass-band displays and tattoo shows in the evenings.

On August 14, every year all over Pakistan, the people of Pakistan celebrate the day Pakistan gained its independence from the British Raj for an independent state for muslims. There are lots of celebrations in Lahore, the streets are full of joyful people singing and dancing. Concerts are held with many pop and classical singers.

City Landmarks

The old city was at one time surrounded by a wall and a moat, but these structures have been replaced, except in the North, by a garden. A circular road around the rampart provides access to the old city by 13 gates. Within the old city are found the mosque of Wazir Khan (1634) and the northern wall of Lahore Fort. Other old-city landmarks include the impressive Badshahi (Imperial) Mosque, built by Aurangzeb; Ranjit Singh's buildings and mausoleum; the Shahdara Gardens, containing the tomb of the Mughal emperor Jahangir and his wife Noor Jehan; and the magnificent Shalimar Gardens, laid out east of the city in 1641 by Shah Jahan and consisting of about 80 acres (32 hectares) of terraced gardens containing numerous fountains.

Transport

The Allama Iqbal International Airport Lahore is one of the most accessible cities of Pakistan. In addition to the historic Grand Trunk Road (G.T. Road), a motorway was completed in 2000, from Lahore to Islamabad. Due to Lahore ever increasing traffic problems the Government introduced many underpasses to ease congestions and prevent traffic jams. According to official figures, Lahore has the highest number of underpasses in Pakistan, due to an attempt by the government to link one end of the city to the other end. however, Lahore still has very high levels of air pollution and smog, which can accumulate over days due to Lahore having little precipitation throughout the year. this is also due to the industry growing at a a dizzying rate in Lahore, with lots of factories opening all the time.

The Pakistan Railways Headquarters is located in Lahore, the only railway operator in Pakistan fully owned by the Government. Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of transportation for commuters in Lahore. The railway connects the farthest corners of the country and brings them closer to Lahore for business, sight seeing, pilgrimage and education. It has been a great integrating force and forms the life line of the country by catering to its needs for large scale movement of people and freight in and out of Lahore. The Lahore Central Railway Station is also located in the heart of the city, which was built during the British Colonial era.

As air travel has been on the rise, the Government built a completely new airport for the city that was constructed in 2003. It was named Allama Iqbal International Airport after the national poet of Pakistan Mohammed Iqbal. It facilitates for the increasing demand by passengers and the growth of the city for which it was built to accommodate. It is served by many international airlines as well as the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines. With the opening of Allama Iqbal International Airport, the previous airport now operates as the Hajj Terminal to facilitate the great influx of pilgrims traveling to Saudi Arabia to perform the hajj every year. The Hajj services are operated by the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), however recent news suggests that the Government is going to allow all airlines operating to Pakistan to airlift pilgrims.

Miscellaneous

Lahore consists of an old city area flanked on the south by newer commercial, industrial, and residential areas that are in turn ringed by suburbs. An important educational centre, Lahore is the seat of the University of the Punjab (1882), which is the oldest university in Pakistan. Also located in Lahore are the Faisal Shaheed University of Engineering and Technology and numerous colleges and institutes. Lahore is a leading commercial and banking centre and it also contains about one-fifth of Pakistan's industrial establishments. Textiles are the single most important industry, but there are many rubber factories, as well as iron, steel, and other mills. It is also noted for gold and silver handicrafts. Railways and air services link Lahore with other major cities of Pakistan